AP Exam Review Game

1. AP Exam Review Game

2. Refers to the exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492. • New World crops such as corn, tomatoes, and potatoes had a dramatic effect on the European diet. At the same time, Old World domesticated animals such as horses, cows, and pigs had a dramatic effect on life in the New World

3. Columbian Exchange • Refers to the exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Europe following the discovery of America in 1492. • New World crops such as corn, tomatoes, and potatoes had a dramatic effect on the European diet. At the same time, Old World domesticated animals such as horses, cows, and pigs had a dramatic effect on life in the New World

4. Economic philosophy of Great Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries • Great Britain, like other European powers, sought to increase its wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade with its colonies

5. Mercantilism • Economic philosophy of Great Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries • Great Britain, like other European powers, sought to increase its wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade with its colonies

6. Established by the Puritans to ease requirements for church membership. It allowed the baptism of the children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

7. Halfway Covenant • Established by the Puritans to ease requirements for church membership. • Allowed the baptism of the children of baptized but unconverted Puritans

8. An eighteenth-century philosophy stressing that reason could be used to improve the human condition • Thinkers of this philosophy such as Thomas Jefferson stressed the idea of natural rights

9. Enlightenment • An eighteenth-century philosophy stressing that reason could be used to improve the human condition • Thinkers of this philosophy such as Thomas Jefferson stressed the idea of natural rights

10. The belief that God created the universe but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature. • It’s followers such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin believed that natural law could be discovered by the use of human reason

11. Deism • The belief that God created the universe but allowed it to operate through the laws of nature. • It’s followers such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin believed that natural law could be discovered by the use of human reason

12. Refers to a wave of religious revivals that spread across the American colonies during the 1730’s and 1740’s

13. The First Great Awakening • Refers to a wave of religious revivals that spread across the American colonies during the 1730’s and 1740’s

14. Refers to the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people. It inspired the American revolutionaries of the eighteenth century

15. Republican Government/Republicanism • Refers to the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people. It inspired the American revolutionaries of the eighteenth century

16. Refers to the division of power among the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government • Alexander Hamilton defended this principle when he wrote, “There is no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers…”

17. Separation of Powers • Refers to the division of power among the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government • Alexander Hamilton defended the principle of separation of powers when he wrote, “There is no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers…”

18. System in which each branch of government can check the power of the other branches.

19. Checks and Balances • System in which each branch of government can check the power of the other branches.

20. The Supreme Court can strike down an act of Congress by declaring it unconstitutional. This principle was established in the case Marbury v. Madison

21. Judicial Review • The Supreme Court can strike down an act of Congress by declaring it unconstitutional. This principle was established in the case Marbury v. Madison

22. Refers to the development of a national transportation system

23. Internal Improvements • Refers to the development of a national transportation system

24. Refers to a set of proposals designed to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by means of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements such as canals and new roads • Henry Clay was the chief proponent of the it

25. American System • Refers to a set of proposals designed to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by means of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements such as canals and new roads. Henry Clay was the chief proponent of the it

26. Refers to the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers • Concept suggested that women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic

27. Cult of Domesticity/Republican Motherhood • Refers to the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers • Concept suggested that women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic

28. A philosophical and literary movement of the 1800’s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrating the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. • Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were the foremost writers of this movement

29. Transcendentalism • A philosophical and literary movement of the 1800’s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrating the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were the foremost transcendentalist writers.

30. A belief that humans can use conscious acts of will to create communities based upon cooperation and mutual respect (Not socialism!) • Utopian communities such as Brook Farm, New Harmony and Oneida reflected the blossoming of it

31. Perfectionism • A belief that humans can use conscious acts of will to create communities based upon cooperation and mutual respect • Utopian communities such as Brook Farm, New Harmony and Oneida reflected the blossoming of it

32. Refers to a wave of religious enthusiasm that spread across America between 1800 and 1830. Middle-class women played an especially important role in it by making Americans aware of the moral issues posed by slavery

33. The Second Great Awakening • Refers to a wave of religious enthusiasm that spread across America between 1800 and 1830. Middle-class women played an especially important role in it by making Americans aware of the moral issues posed by slavery

34. Era that refers to a set of political beliefs associated with Andrew Jackson and his followers. • Included respect for the common sense and abilities of the common man, expansion of White male suffrage, appointment of political supporters to government positions, and opposition to privileged Eastern cities

35. Jacksonian Democracy • Refers to a set of political beliefs associated with Andrew Jackson and his followers. • Jacksonian democracy included respect for the common sense and abilities of the common man, expansion of White male suffrage, appointment of political supporters to government positions, and opposition to privileged Eastern cities

36. A legal theory that a state in the United States has the right to invalidate any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional • John C. Calhoun was the foremost proponent of the doctrine. Inspired by his leadership, a convention in South Carolina declared the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 unenforceable in that state

37. Nullification • A legal theory that a state in the United States has the right to invalidate any federal la wthat the state deems unconstitutional • John C. Calhoun was the foremost proponent of the doctrine. Inspired by his leadership, a convention in South Carolina declared the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 unenforceable in that state

38. Refers to the nineteenth-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean

39. Manifest Destiny • Refers to the nineteenth-century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean

40. A principle that the settlers of a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there • It led to a divisive debate over the expansion of slavery into the territories. The first great test of popular sovereignty occurred in Kansas

41. Popular Sovereignty • A principle that the settlers of a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there • It led to a divisive debate over the expansion of slavery into the territories. The first great test of popular sovereignty occurred in Kansas

42. These were Post-Civil War laws and customs designed to discriminate against African Americans

43. Jim Crow Laws • These were Post-Civil War laws and customs designed to discriminate against African Americans

44. Refers to a nineteenth-century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to actively confront social problems such as poverty. • Led by Christian ministers, advocates of it argued that real social change would result from dedication to both religious practices and social reform

45. Social Gospel • Refers to a nineteenth-century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to actively confront social problems such as poverty. • Led by Christian ministers, advocates of it argued that real social change would result from dedication to both religious practices and social reform

46. This was a belief that the rich were the guardians of society’s wealth and, as such had duty to serve society in humane ways. • Andrew Carnegie was the foremost advocate of this belief

47. Gospel of Wealth • This was a belief that the rich were the guardians of society’s wealth and, as such had duty to serve society in humane ways. • Andrew Carnegie was the foremost advocate of the Gospel of Wealth

48. Refers to the belief that there is a natural evolutionary process by which the fittest will survive. • Wealthy business and industrial leaders used this belief to justify their success. • It was used by industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller to justify his success

49. Social Darwinism • Refers to the belief that there is a natural evolutionary process by which the fittest will survive. Wealthy business and industrial leaders used Social Darwinism to justify their success. • It was used by industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller to justify his success

50. Refers to the argument by historian Frederick Jackson Turner that the experience of this helped make American society more democratic. Turner especially emphasized the importance of cheap, unsettled land and the absence of a landed aristocracy