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Practical Electricity

Practical Electricity. Fundamentals of Electricity. Course Outline. Fundamentals Of Electricity Electron Flow, Production of Electric DC Magnetism AC Conductors, Insulators Semi conductors Ohms Law Voltage Current Resistance Analogy Diagram Symbology AC 1 Phase 3 Phase Circuits

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Practical Electricity

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  1. Practical Electricity Fundamentals of Electricity

  2. Course Outline • Fundamentals Of Electricity • Electron Flow, Production of Electric DC Magnetism AC Conductors, Insulators Semi conductors • Ohms Law • Voltage Current Resistance Analogy Diagram Symbology AC 1 Phase 3 Phase • Circuits • Series Parallel Series-Parallel Switching Circuits Power Circuits Control Circuits • NEC Code • What is it Purpose Overview Terms & Definitions Safety  & Qualified Wire Conduit selection Application of Code Grounding, GFI, AFCI Disconnects Panelboards • Test Equipment Troubleshooting • Failure Modes Using Voltmeters Amp Meters Wattmeter for Troubleshooting Testing Replacing Fuses, OCPD • Photovoltaic, Specifically • What are they Calculating Power, Needed Grid Connected Non Grid Connected Battery Charging

  3. Class Norms • OK to ask Questions • OK to Answer a Question • Please Raise Your Hand • Be Respectful of Others • OK to use Facilities when needed • Break about halfway? • Use Quiz to gauge teaching and learner comprehension

  4. Tonight’s Agenda • Electron flow ? • Magnetism • Conductors • Non Condustors • Semi Conductors • DC Current • AC Current

  5. ELECTRON THEORY

  6. ELECTRON THEORY

  7. ELECTRONTHEORY – Current Flow FORCE CURRENT FLOW IS THEN ELECTRON FLOW

  8. ELECTRICAL CHARGES – Static Electricity • Static Electricity • The most common way of generating static electricity is by friction. • Rubbing two materials of unequal charges together tends to ionize the atoms on their surface. • Objects that are not in contact cannot equalize their charges

  9. ELECTRICAL CHARGES – Static Electricity • Static Electricity • When materials of unequal charge are brought in close proximity of each other, a “Static Discharge” occurs and the materials are returned to a balanced state.

  10. S N MAGNETISM • Magnetic Field

  11. S N Magnetic Fields Lines of Flux MAGNETISM • Magnetic and Electric Fields • The space between and around charged bodies in which their influence is felt is called a magnetic field. • Magnetic lines of force (Flux) • There are invisible magnetic lines of force connecting the north and south poles of any charged body called magnetic lines of flux. • There is not a known insulator for magnetic flux.

  12. Magnetic Field Effects S N S N Soft Iron Bar Magnetic Fields Redirecting a Magnetic Field W/ Iron Bar Basic Electrical Theory - MAGNETISM

  13. MAGNETS • Permanent Magnet • A magnet made of a weak permeable material that has the ability to retain magnetism • Temporary Magnet • A magnet made of a high-permeable material that has the ability to be temporarily magnetized when induced by an outside influence.

  14. Magnetic Induction • A process where a material is magnetized by an outside source such as an induced electrical field. (Flux lines) • Magnetic induction is most commonly used in transformers, coils, solenoids and electromagnets.

  15. N Domain Structure N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S ELECTRICAL CHARGES – Polarity • Polarity • The points of maximum attraction are called the MAGNETIC POLES, one called the NORTH and the other the SOUTH. • These poles are at the ends of the magnet and have opposite charges.

  16. Flux Lines

  17. ELECTRICAL CHARGES • Magnetism • Like charges repel • Unlike charges attract.

  18. Tools Make Use of Magnetics • Growler

  19. Electromagnetism • Coil of wirecarrying a currentacts as a magneticsource

  20. North or South

  21. CONDUCTORS • Conductors • The greaterthe number of electrons that can be made to move in a material under the application of a given force, the greater are the conductive qualities of that material. • A material that will readily permit the flow of large amounts of electrons is said to be a good conductor of electricity. • A good conductive material such as copper wire is nothing more than a long collection of atoms of the element ‘copper’.

  22. POOR CONDUCTORS AND NON CONDUCTORS • Poor Conductors and Non-Conductors • Electrons do not move freely. • Materials containing these properties are commonly termed as INSULATORS.

  23. Insulators

  24. Semi Conductors • Crystal Structure • Lattice • 4 electrons in outer orbit

  25. Doping Type Impurities for Silicone • P type 5 • Boron, gallium • N type 3 • phosphorous, arsenic • A little dab will go along way

  26. PN Junction DEPLETION ZONE ANODE CATHODE

  27. Semi Conductor For PV Cells Mainstream Silicon Solar Cells

  28. .7 v Diodes • Only conduct or allow current to pass in one direction

  29. Z Diodes • Not a perfect device. • Voltage drop Zener Diodes

  30. P N P N P N Transistors • A transistor is created by using three layers rather than the two layers used in a diode. You can create either an NPN or a PNP sandwich. A transistor can act as a switch or an amplifier.

  31. P N P N P N Transistors Symbols Collector Base Emitter PNP NPN

  32. Semi Conductors.. how did we know?

  33. SEMI CONDUCTORS • A semi conductor also readily conducts electricity, but usually requires a bit of help. First Transistor

  34. CONDUCTORS & SEMICONDUCTORS • Review terms • Negative Ion • Positive Ion • Ionization • Neutral • Poor Conductors • Non Conductors • Semi Conductors - - - -negative + + + +positive

  35. ~ REVIEW ~ ELECTRON AND ELECTRICAL CHARGE THEORY • Electrical current is: • Materials that have the ability to flow a large number of electrons are: • Poor Conductors are known as: • Materials of unequal charge in close proximity tend to • Like charges repel, and unlike charges_______?

  36. Direct Current Flow • Direct current is produced by: • Direct current is used to charge batteries, and in nearly all electronic devices, systems as the power supply.

  37. Direct Current Flow

  38. Direct Current Flow

  39. Direct Current Flow

  40. Direct Current Flow • Same Current Flows

  41. Direct Current Flow

  42. AC Alternating Current • The type of electricity delivered to homes and businesses was first direct current (DC) DC electricity at 110 volts in the US • Changed to AC electricity. The standard voltage level started at 120V, went to 240V, back to 120V, and then to 220V. • U.S. stays at 120V, 60Hz

  43. AC ALTERNATING Current • Voltage and Current

  44. Generating AC

  45. AC FRQUENCY • Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency and Period

  46. AC Voltage “RMS”

  47. OHMS LAW Relationships • Voltage • Current • Resistance Measure and verify our math simple circuits • Symbology • AC 1 phase 3 phase

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