Remember …

1. ALL CONDITIONALSand future time clausesto talk abouthypothetical, real, possible,improbable,impossible, regretfuletc …. situationsIf …………… (and theirconsequences)

2. Remember … • You can invert the twoclauses in allconditionals: If I wereyou, I’d stop smoking. I’d stop smoking, If I wereyou. Ifnot = unless

3. Different types of conditionals 1) zero conditional 2) First conditional • Second conditional • Third conditional • Mixed conditional

4. Zero conditional: Form • If + present simple, and present simple • You can also use present continuous or present perfect in either clause. • Eg. If you haven’t been to London, you haven’t lived.

5. ZERO conditional • Water boils when it reaches 100°C. • If/whenpricesgo down, sales increase if+Presentsimple + presentsimpe • Ifpeoplehavetravelled a lot in life, theyhavelived! If+Presentperfect+ presentperfect • If/whenpeoplehavebeenworkingallday, wedon’tgetgoodresults. If+Presentperfectcontinuous+ presentsimple

6. Zero Conditional is used: • To talk about things that are generally true as a result of something, things which always happen. • Scientific or biological facts. • General causes and effects. • In these kind of conditionals we use present tenses (present simple, present continuous, present perfect) in both clauses.

7. First Conditional First clause /after if Second clause WILL/WON’T Going to + infinitive Future perfect Future continuous imperative • If + Anypresent tense (presentsimple/ continuous/perfect)

8. Examples (first conditional) • Ifyoudon’t do more work, you’llfailthe exam. • Shewon’tgetintoUniversityunlessshegetsgoodgrades. (Unless= ifnot) • If I haven’tcome back by 1 o’clockstartwithout me. • Ifyou’renotgoing, I’mnotgoing to go. • Ifyousendthe file by 5 pmtoday, I’llhave the report finishedwith myadditions by 1 pmtomorrow.

9. Future time clauses • Whenyou are talkingabout the future, use a present tense aftertheseexpressions: • AnyPresent tense: Presentsimple/continuous/perfect. • Assoonas • When • Until • Unless • Before/after • In case

10. Future time clauses • I’ll be ready as soon as I’ve fished this survey. • We’ll probabbly be interviewing more candidates when you arrive. • We are not going to start until you have arrived/you arrive • I’m not going to work overtime unless I get paid. • Take an umbrella in case it rains.

11. In case/if • We use in case whenwe do something in order to be ready for future situations/problems. • Compare: I’llaccept the job offerIfit’swellpaid. = I won’taccept the job offerifit’snotwellpaid. I’llaccept the job in caseI don’tgetanyotheroffers. = I willacceptanyway, becausetheremightnotbe anyotheroffers.

12. Second Conditional If + PAST SIMPLE Or If + PAST CONTINUOUS • Would/wouldn’t +VERB (without to) • Might/mightnot (without to) • Could/couldn’t (without to)

13. When do you use the 2° Conditional? • Use the secondconditional to talk abouthypothetical/imaginary or improbablesituations in the present or future and theirconsequences. • Also to giveadvice: eg: If I wereyou, I’dget the earlierflight. • NOTE whenyougiveadvice: With the verbBeyouuse werefor I/he/sheand itin the ifclause. eg: Ifhe/Iwerehere, he/I’dknowwhat to do.

14. Compare 1° and 2° Conditional • If I have time, I’ll help you. = a possible situation. I mayhave time. • If I had time, I’d help you. = an imaginary/hypothetical situation. I don’t/won’thave time. Rememberhere: I’d = I would

15. Third CONDITIONAL • Pastprefect Simple or + • Past Perfect Continuous • Would (not) + have + pastparticiple • Might (not) + have + pastparticiple • Could (not) + have + pastparticiple

16. Eg: Ifyouhadstudiedmore, youwouldhavedonebetter in yourexams. • Eg: Ifyouhadworkedharder, youwouldn’thavebeendismissed. • Eg: ifyouhadbeendriving more slowlyyouwouldn’thavegotstoppedby the police. • To talk abouta hypotheticalpast situation and itsconsequence. • Used to express the wish to change a pastaction or situation. • Oftenused to express regret.

17. Compare 2° and 3° conditionals • Eg: Ifyoustudiedmore, youwoulddobetter in yourexams. • Eg: Ifyouhadstudiedmore, youwouldhavedonebetter in yourexams.

18. Eg: Ifyoustudiedmore, youwoulddobetter in yourexams. = youdon’tstudyenough. Butifyoudidthingswould be different. • Eg: Ifyouhadstudiedmore, youwouldhavedonebetter in yourexams. = youdidn’tstudyenough, so youfailed. Youimaginehowthingscouldhavebeendifferent in the past.

19. Mixed Conditional (2° + 3°) • If + Past perfect Simple • If + Past perfect Continuous • Would/would’t+ VERB • Might/mightnot+ VERB • Could/couldn’t+ VERB

20. Mixed Conditional (2° + 3°) • If I hadboughtshares in that company, I would be richnow. • The mixedconditionalhereisused to express regretabout the present situation, because of a pastaction. The hypothetical situation in the pasthas a present/futureconsequence. (notpast)

21. Whichconditional?When…. • Wishing to change the past • A realpossibility • To hypothesiseabout an imaginaryimprobable situation in the present or future • General cause and effect • A specific cause and effect • A remote/unlikelypossibility • Scientificfacts or gereraltruths • To giveadvice • Cause and effect in past • Youimagine a pastaction with a result in present/future

22. Whichconditional?When…. • Wishing to change the past – 3° cond • A realpossibility – 1° cond • To hypothesiseabout an imaginaryimprobable situation in present or future – 2° cond • General cause and effect – zero cond • A specific cause and effect - 1° cond • A remote/unlikelypossibility 2° cond • Scientificfacts or gereraltruths- zero cond • To giveadvice- 2° cond • Cause and effect in past– 3° cond • Youimagine a pastaction with a result in present: mixedcond

23. Complete sentences with the appropriate conditional form • It’ll be quickerifwe …….. a taxi to the airport. (get) • Ifthe company stopped advertising online it ……. (have) higheroperatingcosts. • I thinkhe’d be happierif he …..(not live) alone. • The managingdirectorwouldn’thavefired so many of hisemployeesifthey…….. (relocate) earlier. • Wedon’t start ifall the students ……..(talk) • I’ll be verysurprisedif Maria ….(notget) the job thatwasadvertisedhere last week. • Ifyou cross an international date line, the time…..(change). • If the entrepreneurhadn’ttaken so manyrisks, the company ……….(notclose down). • All the goodswouldhavesold out Ifwe ……….. (drop) the prices a little. • If I ……… (pass) allmyexams I would be working by now. • If I ………(to be) you, I’dleaveituntiltomorrow.

24. KEY • It’ll be quickerifwegeta taxi to the airport. • Ifthe company stopped advertising online, itwouldhavehigheroperatingcosts. • I thinkhe’d be happier, if he didn’t live alone. • The managingdirectorwouldn’thavefiredmany of hisemployeesiftheyhadrelocatedearlier. • Wedon’t start ifall the studentsare talking. • I’ll be verysurprisedif Maria doesn’tgetthe job thatwasadvertisedhere last week. • Ifyou cross an international date line, the time changes. • If the entrepreneurhadn’ttaken so manyrisks, the company wouldn’thaveclosed down. • All the goodswouldhavesoldout, Ifwehaddroppedthe prices a little. • If I hadpassedallmyexams, I would be working by now. (mixedcond) • If I wereyou, I’dleaveituntiltomorrow.