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TRENDS OF SMOKING HABITS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS at Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine

TRENDS OF SMOKING HABITS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS at Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine. Abdulelah Nuqali. Abdulmoen Al-Qarni Ahmad Al-Sharif Ali Al-Shugaifi Ammar Al-Khotani Majed Al-Wagdani Mohammed Badawi Obaid Al-Barakati Omar Khojah Omar Taibah. Research Group :.

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TRENDS OF SMOKING HABITS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS at Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine

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  1. TRENDS OF SMOKING HABITS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTSat Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Medicine Abdulelah Nuqali

  2. Abdulmoen Al-QarniAhmad Al-SharifAli Al-ShugaifiAmmar Al-KhotaniMajed Al-WagdaniMohammed BadawiObaid Al-BarakatiOmar KhojahOmar Taibah Research Group : ACKNOWLEDGMENTS : Prof. Sirag Al Rady, Dr. Amer Khojah

  3. Introduction

  4. Introduction • Smoking is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States • It is one of the major public health problems in Saudi Arabia • Also it is one of the major health problems among medical students in Saudi Arabia

  5. Introduction The smoking behaviors among the medical students are extremely important( Why ? ) Because they are not only risking their health but making a bad leading example for the public.

  6. Introduction

  7. Introduction smoking rates among male medical students range between 3% in the United States and 58% in Japan.

  8. Introduction • Many Studies found that tobacco smoking rates among medical students tend to increasebetween the year of entry and the final year • A total of 66 studies of tobacco usage among medical students demonstrated a linear trend of increasing prevalence

  9. Objectives

  10. Objectives • Primary Objective : • To find out the smoking habits through academic years among male medical students at UQU • Secondary Objectives : • To determine the frequency of smoking among male medical student at UQU • To study the effect of medical school on smoking habits • To determine the frequency of students smoking inside the campus

  11. Objectives Research Question : Is there a difference in smokers prevalence between Basic Years ( 1st ,2nd and 3rd) and Clinical Years ( 4th , 5th and 6th ) ?

  12. Methodology

  13. Methodology Type of study Cross-Sectional Study Site Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah Time November 2009 Sample Size 247 Students ( out of 600 ) = 41%

  14. Methodology population The Male Medical Students Statistical Software SPSS (version 15) Statistical Test Chi-square test

  15. Results

  16. Smoking Status • Out of 247 students : • 73 ( 30 % ) Active Smoker • 21 ( 8 % ) Ex- Smoker • 153 ( 62 % ) Non- Smoker

  17. Onset of Smoking • intermediate school 17( 18 %) • Secondary school 34( 37 %) • Basic years 32( 34 %) • Clinical Years 10( 11 %)

  18. Smoking status & onset of smoking according to academic years

  19. Smoking inside the campus • Yes 50 ( 54 % ) !! • No 43 ( 46 % )

  20. Other Smoking Habits • Type of Smoking: • Cigarettes 24 (25.5) • Hookah 9 (9.6) • Moa'assel19 (20.2) • Sniff 1 ( 1.1) • More than one 41 (43.6) • Smoking Frequency: • Always 47 (51.1) • Occasions 18 (19.6) • Under Stress 8 (8.7) • Rare 19 (20.7) • Smoking Consumption: • 1-10 … 29 (46.0) • 11-20 … 24 (38.1) • 21-30 … 8 (12.7) • 31-40 … 2 (3.2)

  21. Other Smoking Habits • Motivation of smoking: • Mimicry 9 (10.0) • Curiosity and love of the experiment 39 (43.3) • Recreation 40 (44.4) • Expression of masculinity 2 (2.2) • Effect of medical school upon smoking: • Start of smoking 9 (9.6) • Increase of smoking frequency 31 (33.0) !!! • Decrease of smoking Frequency 10 (10.6) • No effect 36 (38.3) • Smoking quitting 8 (8.5) • Medical Help: • Yes 11 (12.1) • No 80 (87.9)

  22. Discussion

  23. Discussion Many students started smoking ( 10 % ) or increased their smoking ( 33 % ) rate after joining the medical school What are the possible reasons ? • Extra freedom • Increased stress ( due to hard work in study , training …etc ) • Increased addiction of tobacco ( Psychological Addiction ) • Increased income • …etc

  24. Discussion Why smokers are not looking for help although they are fully aware harmful consequences of smoking? • Ignorance about the types of help that they may receive • The psychological addictive influence may have blinded their judgment • carelessness • claiming that they have no time which is not acceptable.

  25. Discussion More than 50% of active smokers smoke at the campus … May indicates : • No clear restrictions rules that prohibit smoking at the campus.

  26. Discussion Limitations : • Only dealing with males may decrease generalizability to all medical students ( males/Females ) • The questionnaire should include the family status of smoking ( especially the father ) and social stability which likely to affect the prevalence of smoking among male medical student.

  27. Conclusion

  28. Conclusion Research Question : Is there a difference in smokers prevalence between Basic Years ( 1st ,2nd and 3rd ) and Clinical Years ( 4th , 5th and 6th ) ? Answer : Yes ... Clinical Years (40%) > Basic Years (21%)

  29. Recommendations

  30. Recommendations • Health education and health promotion are essential to stop this alarming statistics. • enforcement of prohibition of smoking inside the campus and enhancement of medical help for quitting • starting anti smoking campaigns. • These efforts must be collaborative with public education, health professionals, mass media and legislators’ participating.

  31. Recommendations Also, we recommend Further researches efforts to be done regarding : • The controlling of smoking among medical students • The role of mass media in spreading the awareness of smoking risks • The relationship between smoking rate and the different social classes.

  32. References

  33. References • 1. Al-Dawood K, El-Zubier AG. Knowledge and smoking pattern among adults attending primary health centers in Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia. Bulletin of the High Institute of Public Health 1995; 25 (2): 361-368. • 2. Felimban FM and Jaralla JS Smoking habits of secondary school boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 1994; 15:438-442. • 3. Felimban FM. The smoking practices and attitudes towards smoking of female university students in Riyadh. Saudi Med J 1993; 14 (3): 220-224. • 4. Jaralla JS. Smoking habits of medical students at King Saud University, Riyadh. Saudi Med J 1992; 13 (6): 510-513. • 5. Saeed, AA, Khoja TA and Khan SB. Self-reported smoking quitting attempts and their outcomes in adult Saudi smokers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 1997; 18 (2): 169-174. • 6. Saeed AA, Khoja TA and Khan SB. Smoking behavior and attitudes among adult Saudi nationals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Tobacco Control 1996; 5(3): 215-219. • 7. Saeed AA, Al-Johali E and Al-Shahri AH. Smoking habits of students in secondary health institutes in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. JR Soc Health 1993; 111: 132-135. • 8. Saeed AA, Taha AM and Al-Shahiri AH. Smoking habits of physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J.1989; 10 (6): 508-511. • 9. Saeed AA. Smoking habits of students in the College of Aplied Medical Sciences, Riyadh. JR Soc Health 1987; 5 187-188. • 10. Rowlands DF and Shipster PJ. Cigarette smoking among K- • 12 year old school boys. Saudi Med J 1987; 8(6): 613-618. • 11. Taha A, Bener A, Noah M, Saeed A, and Al-Harthy S. Smoking habits of King Saud University students in Riyadh. Ann. Saudi Med. 1991; 11(2): 141-142. • 12. All-Tamimi TM, Al-Barr A, All-Sauhaimi S, Ibrahim E, Ibrahim A, and Wosornu L et al. Lung cancer in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia: A population based study. Ann. Saudi Med 1996; 16 (1): 3-11. • 13. Doll R, Peto R, Wheathy K, Gray R, and Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years observations on male British doctors. Brit Med J 1994; 309: 901-911. • 14. Peto, R. Smoking and death: The past 40 years and the next 40 years. Brit Med J 1994; 309: 937-939. • 15. Smoking and its Effects on Health. WHO Tech Rep Ser • 1975; No. 568 11-20. WHO, Geneva. • 16. Smoking and Control Strategies in Developing Countries.WHO Tech Rep Ser 1983; No. 695 8-11. WHO, Geneva. • 17. Royal College of Physicians of London. Health and Smoking. London; Piton Medical 1984; 21-31, and 32-38. • 18. Aoki M, Hisamichi S, and Tominaga S. Smoking and Health. 1987, Excerpt to Media, NY, 1988. • 19. Shah PK and Helfani RH. Editorial. Smoking and coronary artery disease. Chest 1988; 94: 449-452. BMJ, Am J Public Health 1995:1223-1230 doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE (published 22 June 2004) • 20. RODNEY M. COE, PHD AND JEROME D. COHEN, MD Cigarette Smoking among Medical Students AJPH February 1980, Vol. 70, No. 2 • 21. Talal J. Hashim, PhD. Smoking habits of students in College Of Applied Medical Science, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal 2000; Vol. 21 (1): 76-80. • 22. AfnanBokhari, AfnanRajeh, Tahani Al-Tayyar , et al. Prevalence of smoking habits among female medical students in the 2nd and 4th years in Um Al-Qura University, Makkah (2008). • 23. Mostafa A. Abolfotouh, DrPH; Mostafa Abdel Aziz, MD; WoleAlakija, MD, ea al. Smoking habits of king saud university students in abha, saudiarabia ,Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol 18, No 3, 1998 • 24. Rodney M. Coe, Phd And Jerome D. Cohen, Md , Cigarette Smoking among Medical Students, AJPH February 1980, Vol. 70, No. 2

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