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Chapter 6. Life-Situation Interventions: Interpersonal. Definitions. Assertive behavior: expressing and satisfying needs without hurting others Non-assertive behavior: denying own needs to satisfy someone else’s needs Aggressive behavior: meeting own needs at the expense of others.
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Chapter 6 Life-Situation Interventions: Interpersonal
Definitions • Assertive behavior: expressing and satisfying needs without hurting others • Non-assertive behavior: denying own needs to satisfy someone else’s needs • Aggressive behavior: meeting own needs at the expense of others Unsatisfied needs become stressors
Definitions, cont’d • Assertion theory: premise that everyone has certain basic rights • Nonverbal assertiveness: body language consistent with verbal assertiveness • Verbal assertiveness: DESC formula divided into four parts • Describe situation • Express feelings • Specify change • Consequences of the outcome, regardless of change
Conflict Resolution Techniques • Active listening: repeat the other person’s words/feelings (paraphrasing) • Identify your position: state thoughts and feelings about the situation • Explore alternative solutions: brainstorming
Types of Communication • Nonverbal communication (e.g., body posture) • Verbal communication • Plan time to talk without distractions • Listen and paraphrase • Begin with a point of agreement
Types of Communication, cont’d • Verbal communication, cont’d • Use “and,” not “but” • Use “I” statements • Avoid “why” questions
Time Management Techniques • Assess how you spend time • Set goals (short term to long term) • Prioritize (ABC lists) • Create a schedule • Maximize your rewards
Time Management Techniques, cont’d • Say “no” • Delegate • Evaluate tasks once • Use the circular file • Limit interruptions • Invest time initially
Social Support • Being accepted for oneself • Matich & Sims (1992) recognized three types of social support • Tangible support (e.g., money, car) • Emotional support (e.g., care and concern) • Informational support (e.g., advice)
Social Support, cont’d • J.S. House (1981) added a fourth support: • Appraisal support, to enable self-evaluation • Social support may help manage stress in two ways: • Helps prevent stressors from occurring • Buffers the effects of stressors
Chapter 6 Life-Situation Interventions “Interpersonal”