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The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. 

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The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. 

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  1. Dangerous goods, also called hazardous materials or HazMat, are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. "HazMat teams" are personnel specially trained to handle dangerous goods. Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive,flammable, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing, asphyxiating, biohazardous, toxic, pathogenic, or allergenic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.

  2. Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. 

  3. The United Nations Economic and Social Council issues the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which form the basis for most regional and national regulatory schemes. The International Civil Aviation Organization has developed regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN Model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the International Air Transport Association to produce the widely used IATADangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).

  4. The International Maritime Organization has developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ("IMDG Code", part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) for transportation on the high seas, and the Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN Model in organization as well as in specific requirements.

  5. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed upon system set to replace the various different classification and labeling standards used in different countries. GHS will use consistent criteria for classification and labeling on a global level.

  6. An Introduction to the IMDG Code • This provides a brief overview of the IMDG code structure and requirements. • Where applicable, screens are referenced to the relevant IMDG Code clause.

  7. An Introduction to the IMDG Code • The objective of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code is to: • Enhance the safe transport of dangerous goods • Protect the marine environment • Facilitate the free unrestricted movement of dangerous goods

  8. An Introduction to the IMDG Code • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) • The IMO is a United Nations specialised agency which has developed international legislation dealing with two key issues for the maritime industry: • The safety of life at sea • Prevention of pollution from ships IMDG Code reference: 1.1.1

  9. An Introduction to the IMDG Code • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) • The IMO has developed two international conventions to address these issues: • The SOLAS Convention (covering safety of life at sea) • The MARPOL Convention (covering pollution prevention) • To supplement the principles laid down in the SOLAS and MARPOL Conventions, the IMO developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. • The IMDG code contains detailed technical specifications to enable dangerous goods to be transported safely by sea. • The IMDG Code became mandatory for adoption by SOLAS signatory states from 1st January 2004 IMDG Code reference: 1.1.1

  10. Principles of the IMDG Code • The IMDG Code is based on an internationally agreed system which: • Groups dangerous goods together based on the hazards they present in transport (classification). • Contains the dangerous goods in packagings/tanks which are of appropriate strength and which will prevent the goods escaping. • Uses hazard warning labels and other identifying marks to identify dangerous goods in transport. • Requires standard documentation to be provided when dangerous goods are being transported. • Lays down principles for ensuring that dangerous goods which will react dangerously together are kept apart. • Lays down principles for where to place dangerous goods on board ship to ensure safe transport. • Provides emergency response advice for dangerous goods involved in a fire or spillage on board ship.

  11. Principles of the IMDG Code • Updating the IMDG Code • The IMDG Code is evolving and is updated every two years to take account of: • New dangerous goods which have to be included. • New technology and methods of working with or handling dangerous goods. • Safety concerns which arise as a result of experience. Continued…

  12. Principles of the IMDG Code Updating the IMDG Code Each version of the Code is given an Amendment number to signify how many times it has been updated. This number appears at the bottom of each page together with the year of the Amendment. The current Amendment is 34-08 which will remain in force until December 31st 2011. However, from 1st January 2011 Amendment 35-10 can also be used because 2011 is a transition year which allows the use of both Amendments in tandem. Let’s look at this Amendment process further.

  13. Principles of the IMDG Code The Amendment Cycle of the IMDG Code • Each Amendment is valid for up to three years. • There are alternating years for implementation. • In January of the yellow years, a new Amendment is published and can be used immediately, subject to the timing of National Competent Authority adoption. • During the yellow years, the preceding Amendment can also be used, so it is a transition year. • In the green years, only the current Amendment may be used.

  14. Layout of the IMDG Code The Code comprises 7 parts. It is presented in two books; Volume 1 and Volume 2. It is necessary to use both books to obtain the required information when shipping dangerous goods by sea. The Code also contains a Supplement.

  15. Layout of the IMDG Code Volume 1 (Parts 1-2 & 4-7 of the Code) comprises: Part 1 General provisions, definitions and training Part 2 Classification Part 4 Packing and tank provisions Part 5 Consignment procedures Part 6 Provisions for the construction and testing of pressure receptacles, aerosol dispensers, small receptacles containing gas (gas cartridges) and fuel cell cartridges containing liquefied flammable gas Part 7 Requirements concerning transport operations

  16. Layout of the IMDG Code Volume 2 (Part 3 and the Appendices of the Code) comprises: Part 3 Dangerous Goods List (DGL), Special Provisions Limited and Excepted Quantities Exceptions Appendix A List of Generic and N.O.S. (Not Otherwise Specified) Proper Shipping Names Appendix B Glossary of terms Alphabetical Index

  17. Layout of the IMDG CodeSupplement • The supplement contains the following texts related to the Code: • Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying • Dangerous Goods • Medical First Aid Guide • Reporting Procedures • IMO/ILO/ECE Guidelines for Packing Cargo Transport • Units • Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships, Cargo Holds and CTUs • International Code for the Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships

  18. IMDG Code Classification System • The purpose of the IMDG Code’s classification system is: • To distinguish between goods which are considered to be dangerous for transport and those which are not. • To identify the dangers which are presented by • dangerous goods in transport. • To ensure that the correct measure are taken to • enable these goods to be transported IMDG Code reference: 2.0

  19. IMDG Code Classification System • Dangerous goods are classified into 9 classes according to properties. The way in which different classes of dangerous goods are handled in transport will depend upon these properties and hazards, for example: • The type of packaging that can be used. • What classes of dangerous goods can be transported together in freight containers. • Where the goods can be stored within the port and on the ship. IMDG Code reference: 2.0

  20. IMDG Code Classification System The 9 classes: Class 1 Explosives Class 2 Gases Class 3 Flammable liquids Class 4 Flammable solids Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances Class 7 Radioactive material Class 8 Corrosive substances Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles These 9 hazard classes have been established internationally by a United Nations (UN) committee to ensure that all modes of transport (road, rail, air and sea) classify dangerous goods in the same way. Continued… IMDG Code reference: 2.0

  21. Identification of Dangerous Goods • PSN and UN Number • Within each of the 9 hazard classes dangerous goods are uniquely identified by two pieces of information: • A four-digit number known as the UN Number which is • preceded by the letters UN. • The corresponding Proper Shipping Name (PSN). • For example, kerosene is identified in the IMDG Code by its UN Number UN 1223 and the PSN Kerosene. Continued… IMDG Code reference: 2.0.2

  22. Identification of Dangerous Goods Hazard labels Each of the hazard classes are also identified by labels: IMDG Code reference: 5.2.2.2.2

  23. Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL) The DGL is presented across 2 pages of the IMDG Code and is divided into 18 columns for each individual dangerous good listed. Much of the information contained in the DGL is coded to make it easier to present in a table. The DGL is arranged in UN Number order; column 1 and column 18 contains the UN Number. To look up an entry, you just need the UN Number. However, dangerous goods can also be searched using the PSN. Therefore, if you do not have the UN Number but have the PSN, you can find its associated UN Number by looking at the alphabetical index at the back of Volume 2. IMDG Code reference: 3.0

  24. Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL) Column 1 – UN Number Contains the United Nations Number assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN List). Column 2 – Proper Shipping Name (PSN) Contains the Proper Shipping Names in upper case characters which may be followed by additional descriptive text in lower-case characters. Column 3 – Class or Division Contains the class and, in the case of class 1, the division and compatibility group. Column 4 – Subsidiary Risk(s) Contains the class number(s) of any subsidiary risk(s). This column also identifies if dangerous goods are marine pollutants by showing the letter ‘P’: Continued… IMDG Code reference: 3.0

  25. Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL) Column 5 – Packing Group Contains the packing group number (i.e. I, II or III) where assigned to the substance or article. Column 6 – Special Provisions Contains a number referring to any special provision(s) indicated in chapter 3.3. Column 7a – Limited Quantities Provides the maximum quantity per inner packaging. Column 7b – Excepted Quantities Provides a code which can be referenced to determine the maximum quantity per inner and outer packaging. Column 8 – Packing Instructions Contains packing instructions for the transport of substances and articles. Continued… IMDG Code reference: 3.0

  26. Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL) Column 14 – Tank Special Provisions Contains TP notes (see 4.2.5.3) applicable to the transport of dangerous goods in portable tanks and road tank vehicles. Column 15 – EmS Refers to the relevant emergency schedules for FIRE and SPILLAGE in ‘The EmS Guide – Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods’. Column 16 – Stowage and Segregation Contains the stowage and segregation provisions as prescribed in part 7. Column 17 – Properties and Observations Contains properties and observations on the dangerous goods listed. Column 18 – UN Number Contains the United Nations Number for ease of reference across both pages of the printed book. Note: Column in Red meant to be used by Ship, rest for shippers IMDG Code reference: 3.0

  27. ** The following table shows the general requirements for segregation between the various classes of dangerous goods. Please refer to Stowage Instruction Section of individual schedules for any particular requirements. Stowage and Segregation

  28. Table 1 - For co-loading various IMO classes into 1 container Stowage and Segregation

  29. DG Containers Stowage and Segregation IMDG CODE VOLUME 1 chapter 7.2

  30. DG Containers Stowage and Segregation IMDG CODE VOLUME 1 chapter 7.2

  31. DG Containers Stowage and Segregation IMDG CODE VOLUME 1 chapter 7.2

  32. Training Requirements In the 2002 edition of the IMDG Code, training was introduced for the first time. The IMO Member Governments recognised that the safe transport of dangerous goods by sea is dependent upon the appreciation, by all persons involved, of the risks involved and on a detailed understanding of the IMDG Code requirements. The training requirements became mandatory with Amendment 34-08. IMDG Code reference: 1.3

  33. Training Requirements • These training requirements highlight the need for all shore-based personnel involved in the shipment of dangerous goods to receive training commensurate with their responsibilities. The IMDG Code defines shore-based personnel as those who: • classify dangerous goods and identify PSNs • pack dangerous goods • mark, label or placard dangerous goods • load/ unload CTUS • prepare transport documents for dangerous goods • offer dangerous goods for transport • accept dangerous goods for transport • handle dangerous goods in transport • prepare dangerous goods loading/stowage plans • load/unload dangerous goods into/ from ships • carry dangerous goods in transport • enforce, survey or inspect for compliance with applicable rules • and regulations IMDG Code reference: 1.3

  34. Limited quantity IMDG Code 3.4.1 • Inner packing shall not exceed quantity specified in 3.2 column 7(a) • Inner packaging shall placed in outer packaging • If “0” is specified the article is not allowed to pack in limited quantity • Allocated stowage category A • Different IMDG in LQ may be packaged in same outer packaging according to segregation requirement of 7.2, and will not interact dangerously when leak

  35. Limited quantity IMDG Code 3.4 • The segregation provisions of chapter 7.2 not applicable to packagings of LQDG or to other DG Note: Limited quantity is explained here but information only useful for shippers

  36. Marking & Labelling of LQ IMDG Code paragraph 3.4.5.1 Packages of dangerous goods transported in accordance with the special provisions of this chapter: .1 need not be labeled nor bear the marine pollutant mark; .2 need not be marked with the Proper Shipping Name of the contents, but shall be marked with the UN Number of the contents (preceded by the letters “UN”) placed within a diamond. The width of the line forming the diamond shall be at least 2mm; the number shall be at least 6 mm high. Where more than one substance assigned to different UN Numbers are included in the package, either (i) the diamond shall be large enough to include each relevant UN Number or (ii) the diamond shall contain the letters LQ IMDG Code paragraph 3.4.5.2 Cargo transport units containing dangerous goods in only limited quantities need not be placarded. They shall, however, be suitably marked on the exterior as “LIMITED QUANTITIES” or “LTD QTY” not less than 65 mm high in accordance with paragraph 5.3.2.4.

  37. Documentation of LQ IMDG Code paragraph 3.4.6.1 In addition to the provisions for documentation specified in chapter 5.4, the words “limited quantity” or “ LTD QTY” shall be included on the dangerous goods declaration together with the description of the shipment

  38. Exemption of LQ IMDG Code paragraph 3.4.7 Limited quantities of dangerous goods for personal or household use that are packaged and distributed in a form intended or suitable for sale through retail agencies are in addition exempt from marking of the UN Number on the packaging. However, this exemption does not apply to the packing in which such limited quantities are transported and which shall be labeled in accordance with paragraph 3.4.5.

  39. Marine Pollutants IMDG Code paragraph 3.4.8.1 The inner packaging limits for substances, materials or articles, which are identified as marine pollutants and which are permitted in limited quantities, shall not exceed 5 liters for liquids or 5 kg for solids. Paragraph 3.4.8.2 The inner packaging limits for substances, materials, or articles, which are identified as severe marine pollutants and which are permitted in limited quantities, shall not exceed 500 ml for liquids or 500 g for solids.

  40. Dangerous cargo documentation for container ship Documents relating to dangerous (DG) cargo on board are subject to scrutiny by port officials, PSC inspectors and other concerned parties. Thus any irregularities in such documentation may result in fines, detention or other such serious implications for the vessel. 

  41. Dangerous cargo documentation for container ship Documentation related to the carriage of Dangerous Cargo on board container ships will mainly consist of the following: 1) The vessel must be in possession of a valid Document of compliance (see sample DOC in separate download) with special requirements for ships carrying dangerous goods. The appendix to this document will contain information indicating class wise allowable locations for stowage of dangerous goods on board.2) Each dangerous cargo shipment shall be accompanied by a Dangerous Goods List or Manifest. This manifest shall be set out in accordance to the pertinent regulation of SOLAS and MARPOL conventions and the IMDG code. DG Manifests shall be filed on board and maintained load port wise.

  42. Dangerous cargo documentation for container ship 3) Each dangerous cargo shipment shall also be accompanied by a Dangerous Goods Declaration. This is a signed certificate or declaration that the consignment, as offered for carriage, is properly packaged, marked, labeled or placarded as appropriate and in proper condition for carriage. This declaration may be combined with the container packing certificate as required by the pertinent regulation of SOLAS and MARPOL conventions and the IMDG code. DG Declarations shall be filed on board and maintained discharge port wise.

  43. Dangerous cargo documentation for container ship 4) When dangerous goods are carried on board, appropriate information shall be immediately available at all times for use in emergency response to accidents and incidents involving dangerous goods in transport. This information may be in the form of separate documents, safety data sheets or the Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (EMS Guide) for use in conjunction with the transport document and the Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG).

  44. Dangerous cargo documentation for container ship 5) Where required for reporting to port authorities, the Chief Officer shall prepare an updated dangerous cargo list. This list shall contain at least the following information: Stow position, Container number, Line operator, Port of loading / discharge, DG class, UN number, proper shipping name, weight, flash point and EMS. Such list for reporting to authorities shall be made with utmost caution.6) The Chief Officer shall prepare a copy of the dangerous cargo stowage plan (indicating DG class & location) along with a dangerous cargo list (indicating Location, Container number, DG class and UN number), and these along with any special guidelines from shippers, shall be kept on Bridge (for ready reference of the watch keeping officer) and in Fire wallets at gangways. 

  45. TIPS Prepared by captain thein win DG CARGO IS ONLY ACCEPTABLE WHEN THE STOWAGE CATEGORY OF DG AGREES WITH THE DOC FOR CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS. e.g IF DG ACCORDING TO vol.2 DGL COLUMN 16 AS PER CHAPTER 7.1 REQUIRES UNDERDECK STOWAGE AND DOC DOES NOT ALLOW UNDERDECK STOWAGE, DG CANNOT BE ACCEPTED

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