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Question of the Day!

Learn how to make logical arguments using deductive and inductive reasoning. Explore examples, practice syllogisms, and review key concepts.

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Question of the Day!

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  1. Question of the Day! We shared a lot of examples of illogical arguments! But how do you make a LOGICAL argument? What does your argument need? What would it sound like?

  2. Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

  3. Identifying Terms • Example: • All humans are mortal. • Premise 1 • John Smith is human. • Premise 2 • Therefore, John Smith is mortal. • Conclusion

  4. What is Deductive Reasoning? • The conclusion validly follows from the premises • Conclusion needs to be supported by the premises • The premises need to be true in order for the conclusion to be true • If a premise is false, the conclusion is false • Most important form is the syllogism • Deductive reasoning only clarifies concepts that we already know

  5. Inductive Reasoning • Does not aim at producing true, valid conclusions • Cannot apply terms “valid” and “invalid” to inductive reasoning • Cannot guarantee true conclusions even if the premise is true • Allows us to INFER probable and likely conclusions • Identifies cause and effect, understanding patterns • Attempts to predict the conclusion based on the premises • No guarantee the future will be like the past • Examples: analogies and statistics

  6. Practice Turn to page 11 on your packet and complete the questions #1-9 for practice

  7. Syllogisms • Made up of three lines • First two are the premises • Last is the conclusion • Different types of syllogisms • Categorical syllogism • Starts with a rule or fact • Conditional syllogism • Starts with a conditional phrase • Usually “if, then” statements • If both premises are true, the conclusion must be true • An argument that is valid with true premises is sound

  8. Practice Turn to page 12 in your packet to read through the sample syllogisms

  9. Practice On the front of the note card, create one syllogism in the POSITIVE FORM and on the back, create one syllogism in the NEGATIVE FORM

  10. Deductive and Inductive Review On page 13 of the packet, complete the questions 1-4 for review on deciphering deductive and inductive arguments Then complete the four syllogisms following the premises and creating a valid conclusion

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