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Seminar 1024

Seminar 1024. OpenVMS System Management Techniques, Tools, and Tricks David J. Dachtera djesys@fsi.net DJE Systems http://www.djesys.com/. Agenda. Basic DCL Concepts Commands Command Procedures Verbs Symbols Flow Control (IF, GOTO, GOSUB, CALL) Useful Lexical Functions. Agenda.

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Seminar 1024

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  1. Seminar 1024 • OpenVMS System Management Techniques, Tools, and Tricks • David J. Dachtera • djesys@fsi.net • DJE Systems • http://www.djesys.com/

  2. Agenda • Basic DCL Concepts • Commands • Command Procedures • Verbs • Symbols • Flow Control (IF, GOTO, GOSUB, CALL) • Useful Lexical Functions

  3. Agenda • Logical names • Logical name tables • Logical name table search order • Modifying the search order • Logical name types • Single Translation • Search list • “Rooted” (Concealed) logical names • Lexical Function Caveat • F$TRNLNM() differs from F$LOGICAL()

  4. Agenda • Logical names, cont’d • Cluster-wide logical names • Caveats • SYS$COMMON Notes • Caveats (VMS$COMMON) • Site-Specific Paths • Organizing local system management code

  5. Agenda • Network Topics • TCP/IP • TCP/IP Services (fka UCX) • Multinet • TCPware • CMU/IP (VAX only) • DECnet • Access control • FAL logging

  6. Agenda • Network Topics, cont’d • Remote procedures • Types • Security concerns • Network Alerts • OPCOM alerts for DECnet network access • OPCOM alerts for FTP network access

  7. Agenda • System Startup • STARTUP phases • STARTUP parameters • Site-Specific startups • Logging SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM • Node-specific startups • Saving a crash dump at start-up time • Soft-coding # of logins allowed at startup • SYSMAN and STARTUP

  8. Agenda • System Shutdown • SHUTDOWN parameters • SHUTDOWN$xxxx logical names • AUTOGEN Shutdowns • AGEN$SHUTDOWN_TIME logical name • Cluster Shutdown • REMOVE_NODE • Using SYSMAN

  9. Agenda • System/Startup File Caveats • Deprecated Lexical Functions • Lexical Function names misspelled • AUTOGEN • MODPARAMS.DAT • Reports and outputs

  10. Agenda • OpenVMS Management Tools • StorageWorks Command Console (SWCC) • OpenVMS Management Station • AMDS • Accessibility Manager for Distributed Systems • Availability Manager • Like AMDS, runs on MS-Windows

  11. Agenda • OpenVMS Security • Essentials • UICs and File/Directory Protection • Access Control Lists (ACLs) • Access Control Entries (ACEs) • Rights Identifiers and ACEs • Propagating ACEs and Default Protections

  12. Seminar 1024 • Basic DCL • Concepts

  13. Basic DCL Concepts • Command Elements • $ verb parameter_1 parameter_2 • DCL commands consist of a verb and one or more parameters.

  14. DCL Command Proc.’s • $ @procedure_name • Top level (or terminal) is DEPTH 0. • Each new command procedure invoked is a new procedure DEPTH. • Maximum depth is still 32.

  15. DCL Command Proc.’s • Parameters • $ @procedure_name p1 p2 p3 … p8 • Notes: • Only eight(8) parameters are passed from the command line, P1 through P8 • Parameters with embedded spaces must be quoted strings. • Parameters are separated by a space.

  16. DCL Command Proc.’s • Parameters, cont’d • $ @procedure_name p1 p2 p3 … p8 • Notes, Cont’d: • Reference parameters via the variable names P1 through P8. • No built-in “shift” function. If you need it, write it as a GOSUB.

  17. DCL Verbs • Internal commands • ASSIGN, CALL, DEFINE, GOSUB, GOTO, IF, RETURN, SET, STOP, others… • External commands • APPEND, BACKUP, COPY, DELETE, PRINT, RENAME, SET, SUBMIT, others...

  18. DCL Verbs, Cont’d • “Foreign” Commands • $ symbol = value • Examples: • $ DIR :== DIRECTORY/SIZE=ALL/DATE • $ ZIP :== $ZIP/VMS

  19. Command Qualifiers • $ command/qualifier • $ command/qualifier=value • $ command/qualifier=(value,value) • $ command/qualifier=keyword=value • $ command/qualifier=- • (keyword=value,keyword=(value,value))

  20. Non-positional Qualifiers • Apply to the entire command, no matter where they appear. • $ command param1/qual param2 • Example: • $ COPY A.DAT A.NEW/LOG • $ DELETE/LOG C.TMP;

  21. Positional Qualifiers • Apply only to the object they qualify. • $ command param1/qual=value1 - • param2/qual=value2 • Examples: • $ PRINT/COPIES=2 RPT1.LIS, RPT2.LIS • $ PRINT RPT1.LIS/COPIES=1,- • RPT2.LIS/COPIES=3

  22. Common Qualifiers • Many commands support a set of common qualifiers: • /BACKUP /BEFORE /CREATED /EXCLUDE /EXPIRED /INCLUDE /MODIFIED /OUTPUT /PAGE /SINCE • See the on-line HELP for specifics.

  23. DCL Statement Elements • $ vbl = value • DCL statements are typically assignments where a variable receives a value.

  24. Assignment Statements • $ vbl = F$lexical_function( params ) • Examples: • $ FSP = F$SEARCH(“*.TXT”) • $ DFLT = F$ENVIRONMENT (“DEFAULT”) • $ NODE = F$GETSYI(“NODENAME”)

  25. Assignment Statements • $ vbl = string_expression • Examples: • $ A = “String 1 “ + “String 2” • $ B = A - “String “ - “String “ • $ C = ‘A’ • Maximum string length • 255 bytes (<=V7.3) • 4096 bytes (>=V7.3-1)

  26. Assignment Statements • $ vbl = numeric_expression • Examples: • $ A = 1 • $ B = A +1 • $ C = B + A + %X7F25 • $ D = %O3776

  27. Assignment Statements • $ vbl[start_bit,bit_count]=numeric_exp • Examples: • $ ESC[0,8]=%X1B • $ CR[0,8]=13 • $ LF[0,8]=10 • $ FF[0,8]=12 • $ CRLF[0,8]=13 • $ CRLF[8,8]=10

  28. Assignment Statements • $ ESC[0,8]=%X1B • $ SHOW SYMBOL ESC • ESC = "." • $ CR[0,8]=13 • $ SHOW SYMBOL CR • CR = "." • $ LF[0,8]=10 • $ SHOW SYMBOL LF • LF = "."

  29. Assignment Statements • $ FF[0,8]=12 • $ SHOW SYMBOL FF • FF = "." • $ CRLF[0,8]=13 • $ SHOW SYMBOL CRLF • CRLF = "." • $ CRLF[8,8]=10 • $ SHOW SYMBOL CRLF • CRLF = ".."

  30. Assignment Statements • DCL provides for substring replacement. • $ A := abcde • $ SHOW SYMBOL A • “ABCDE” • $ A[3,2]:=XX • $ SHOW SYMBOL A • “ABCXX”

  31. Assignment Statements • $ vbl = boolean_expression • Examples: • $ MANIA = (“TRUE” .EQS. “FALSE”) • $ TRUE = (1 .EQ. 1) • $ FALSE = (1 .EQ. 0) • $ YES = 1 • $ NO = 0

  32. Assignment Statements • Local Assignment: • $ vbl = value • Global Assignment: • $ vbl == value

  33. Assignment Statements • Quoted String: • $ vbl = “quoted string” • Case is preserved. • Examples: • $ PROMPT = “Press RETURN to continue “ • $ INVRSP = “% Invalid response!”

  34. Assignment Statements • Unquoted string: • $ vbl := unquoted string • Case is NOT preserved, becomes uppercase. Leading/trailing spaces are trimmed off. • Examples: • $ SAY := Write Sys$Output • $ SYSMAN :== $SYSMAN ! Comment

  35. Foreign Commands • $ vbl := $filespec[ param[ param[ …]]] • “filespec” defaults to SYS$SYSTEM:.EXE • Maximum string length: • 510 bytes (<=V7.3) • 4096 bytes (>=V7.3-1)

  36. Symbol Scope • SET SYMBOL/SCOPE= • NOLOCAL • All “outer” level local symbols are “invisible” • LOCAL • Undoes NOLOCAL • NOGLOBAL • All “outer” level global symbols are “invisible” • GLOBAL • Undoes NOGLOBAL

  37. Symbol Scope • SET SYMBOL/GENERAL/SCOPE=xxxx • Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain to the translation of all symbols except the first token on a command line. • /GENERAL is incompatible with /ALL or /VERB.

  38. Symbol Scope • SET SYMBOL/VERB/SCOPE=xxxx • Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain to the translation of the first token on a command line as a symbol before processing only. It does not affect general symbol substitution. • /VERB is incompatible with /ALL or /GENERAL.

  39. Symbol Scope • SET SYMBOL/ALL/SCOPE=xxxx • Specifies that the values of the /SCOPE qualifier pertain both to the translation of the first token on a command line and to general symbol substitution. • /ALL is incompatible with /GENERAL or /VERB.

  40. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition THEN statement • Variations: • $ IF condition THEN $ statement • $ IF condition THEN - • $ statement

  41. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF

  42. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF • $ ENDIF

  43. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF

  44. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition • $ THEN statement(s) • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF • $ ENDIF • This may not work in pre-V6 VMS!

  45. Conditional Expressions • $ IF condition • $ THEN • $ statement(s) • $ ELSE • $ statement(s) • $ ENDIF

  46. Labels, GOTO • $ GOTO label_1 • . • . • . • $label_1:

  47. GOSUB, RETURN • $ GOSUB label_1 • . • . • . • $label_1: • $ statement(s) • $ RETURN

  48. GOSUB, RETURN • Emulate UN*X/DOS shell SHIFT: • $SHIFT: • $ P1 = P2 • $ P2 = P3 • $ P3 = P4 • $ P4 = P5 • $ P5 = P6 • $ P6 = P7 • $ P7 = P8 • $ P8 = "" • $ RETURN

  49. SUBROUTINE - ENDSUB... • $ CALL label_1[ param[ param[ …]] • . • . • . • $label_1: SUBROUTINE • $ statement(s) • $ END SUBROUTINE

  50. Lexical Functions • Functions built into the DCL Lexicon • F$CONTEXT F$CSID F$CVSI F$CVTIME F$CVUI F$DEVICE F$DIRECTORY F$EDIT F$ELEMENT F$ENVIRONMENT F$EXTRACT F$FAO F$FILE_ATTRIBUTES F$GETDVI F$GETJPI F$GETQUI F$GETSYI F$IDENTIFIER F$INTEGER F$LENGTH F$LOCATE F$MESSAGE F$MODE F$PARSE F$PID F$PRIVILEGE F$PROCESS F$SEARCH F$SETPRV F$STRING F$TIME F$TRNLNM F$TYPE F$USER F$VERIFY

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