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Chapter 13

Electrical Circuits. Chapter 13. 13.1: Electrical Circuits. Objectives Explain how electrical energy is supplied to devices in a circuit. Use electrical symbols to draw simple circuit diagrams. Distinguish between open and closed circuits. What is electricity?

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Chapter 13

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  1. Electrical Circuits Chapter 13

  2. 13.1: Electrical Circuits • Objectives • Explain how electrical energy is supplied to devices in a circuit. • Use electrical symbols to draw simple circuit diagrams. • Distinguish between open and closed circuits.

  3. What is electricity? • Electricity usually means the flow of electric current in wires, motors, light bulbs, and other inventions. • Its what makes an electric motor or electric stove heat up. • Almost always invisible. • Comes from the motion of electrons or other charged particles. Electricity

  4. Electric Current • Similar to a current of water, but not visible because it flows inside solid metal wires. • Can carry energy and do work, just as a current of water. • Ex. A water wheel – uses the force of flowing water to run machines.

  5. Electricity can be powerful and dangerous! • Electric currents carry a great deal of energy. • Ex. An electric saw • An electric motor the size of a basketball can do as much work as five big horses or fifteen strong people!

  6. An electric circuit is a complete path through which electricity travels. • Ex. Electric toaster • Wires in electric currents are similar to pipes and hoses that carry water. • Difference is that you cannot get electricity to leave a wire the way water leaves a pipe. Electric Circuits

  7. Examples of natural circuits: • The nerves in your body are an electrical circuit that carries messages from your brain to your muscles. • The tail of an electric eel makes a circuit when it stuns a fish with a jolt of electricity. • The Earth makes a gigantic circuit when lightning carries electric current between the clouds and the ground.

  8. Circuit diagrams • Circuits are made up of wires and electrical parts such as batteries, light bulbs, motors and switches. • Electrical drawings are called circuit diagrams. • Symbols are used to represent each part of the circuit in a circuit diagram and are standard. • A resistor is an electrical device that uses the energy carried by electric current in a specific way. Circuit diagrams and electrical symbols

  9. Batteries • All electrical currents must have a source of energy. • One way to turn off a device is to stop the current by “breaking” the circuit. • Electric current can only flow when there is a complete and unbroken path. • A circuit with no breaks is called a closed circuit. • A circuit with any break is an open circuit. Open and Closed Circuits

  10. Switches • Switches are used to turn electricity on and off. • Flipping a switch to the on position creates an open circuit by making a break in the wire. • A light bulb burns out when the thin wire that glows inside it breaks, breaking the circuit.

  11. Diagram 13.5 page 301

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