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Dengue fever in New Caledonia: Protect your environment to protect your health.

Dengue fever in New Caledonia: Protect your environment to protect your health. Lola Malone, MPH student Walden University PH 6165-3 Instructor: Dr. Donald Goodwin Summer Quarter, 2009. Dengue Fever in New Caledonia. Protect your environment to protect your health.

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Dengue fever in New Caledonia: Protect your environment to protect your health.

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  1. Dengue fever in New Caledonia: Protect your environment to protect your health. Lola Malone, MPH student Walden University PH 6165-3 Instructor: Dr. Donald Goodwin Summer Quarter, 2009

  2. Dengue Fever in New Caledonia Protect your environment to protect your health.

  3. Key Learning Goals • Identify symptoms of dengue fever. • Understand how dengue fever is transmitted. • Identify the vector that spreads dengue fever in New Caledonia. • Understand that control or elimination of vector breeding sources is a key component to prevention. • Be able to implement environmental and other precautionary measures that help to control the spread of dengue fever.

  4. Key Learning Goals • Understand the scope of dengue fever worldwide and in relation to New Caledonia. Figure 1. WHO. Spread of dengue fever worldwide. Yellow color depicts spread prior to 1960. Red color depicts spread after 1960.

  5. What is dengue fever ? • Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease, caused by four virus serotypes. • Symptoms are flu-like, typically not severe, and can last 2-7 days: • rash • fever • headache • nausea • muscle and joint pain (WHO, 2009b). • Immunity isnot guaranteed (Phillips, 2008, pg. A 384).

  6. What is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) ? • Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most severe type of dengue fever, which in addition to typical symptoms, can result in: • bruising, • bleeding of gums, nose and internal bleeding • circulatory failure • death (CDC, 2005). • Increased risk of DHF when a person previously infected with one dengue virus serotype becomes infected with another (Phillips, 2008, p. A 384).

  7. How does a person get dengue fever? • Female Aedes aegypti mosquito. • Feeds during the day, rests in homes (CDC, 2008). • Telltale markers include white stripes on legs and white markings on body (Mortimer, 1998). Figure 2. Gathany, J. Female Aedes aegypti mosquito feeding on human host.

  8. How does a person get dengue fever? • One Aedes aegypti mosquito can infect up to 10 people with • dengue fever because of feeding habits (Jones & Mabbett, • 2009, p. 13). • Dengue fever is not contagious. It requires a vector. • Dengue virus circulates in human blood up to 7 days • (WHO, 2009b)

  9. How does dengue fever affect me? • Worldwide, approximately 2.5 billion people are at risk • (WHO, 2009c). • Communities living in tropical and sub-tropical regions. • Urban areas in these regions are at high risk • (Phillips, 2008, p. A 384). • Citizens of New Caledonia

  10. How does dengue fever affect me? • Increase in dengue fever incidence in New Caledonia since • September 2008. • As of June 15, 2009, 8, 417 dengue fever cases and 1 death • reported (WHO, 2009d). • Prevalence of both DEN-1 and DEN-4 virus serotypes increases • risk to DHF (WHO, 2009b). • No vaccination.

  11. Protect your environment • Requires little water to lay Aedes aegypti eggs. • Typically lays eggs in still, fresh water sources (Jones & Mabbett, 2009, p. 10). • Eggs turn black in color after they have been laid (Mortimer, 1998). Figure 3. CDC. Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs in a container. Figure 4. CDC. Close up of Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs.

  12. Protect your environment • Monitor environment around you for standing water, • including: • your home • workplace • other public spaces • Increase surveillance after heavy rainfall and hot weather. • Frequent surveillance needed as it only takes 2 weeks for • Aedes aegypti to fully develop (Jones & Mabbett, 2009, p. 12).

  13. Protect your environment • Eliminate or control standing water sources that promote the growth of the Aedes aegypti mosquito: • old tires • potted plants • open containers • solid waste products • leaky faucets • (Parks & Lloyd, 2004, p. 1; Phillips, 2008, p. A384; • Jones & Mabbett, 2009, p. 10-1).

  14. Protect your environment • Prevention measures: • Empty excess water from potted • plants or reduce watering. • Tightly close open containers for water • collection when not in or use cover them • with a screen (Parks & Llyod, 2004, p. 2; • CDC, 2005). • Fix leaky faucets to avoid water • accumulation.

  15. Protect your environment • Prevention measures: • Properly dispose of old tires; • pack soil in them so they • cannot accumulate water • (Parks & Llyod, p. 14). • Recycle or properly dispose • of solid waste products such • as cans, bottles, plastic • containers, etc. • (Jones & Mabbett, 2009, p. 10)

  16. Protect your health • Other prevention measures: • Use insect repellent (20-30% DEET) • Use air conditioning (CDC, 2005) • Use window and door • screens. • Use insecticide treated window • coverings or bed nets • (Parks & Llyod, 2004, p.2).

  17. Summary • Dengue fever is spread by the bite of the Aedes aegypti • mosquito. • There are four different serotypes of dengue fever. • DEN-1 and Den-4 • No guaranteed immunity after recovery. • Exposure to more that one dengue fever virus serotype increases risk to DHF.

  18. Summary • You can help prevent dengue fever: • Eliminate existing and potential breeding sites • Personal precautions • Share the information you have learned with friends and family.

  19. References Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2008). Dengue fever. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/dengue/index.htm. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (2005). Dengue fever: questions and answers. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/dengue/dengue-qa.htm. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (1982). ID# 5129: eggs of dengue fever mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti [Photograph]. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=5129. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). (n.d.). 687: eggs of Aedes aegypti in a glass container [Photograph]. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=687. Gathany, J. (2006). 9261: female Aedes aegypti mosquito [Photograph]. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp?pid=9261.

  20. References Jones, O.T. & Mabbett, T. (2009). Beating the dengue carrying Aedes aegypti mosquito at its own game. Asian Environmental Technology, 13(1). Retrieved July 12, 2009, from http://ejournal.envirotech-online.com/?id=aet_feb_march_2009&page=11. Mortimer, R. (1998). Aedes aegypti and dengue fever. Micscape. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/art98/aedrol.html. Parks, W. & Lloyd, L. (2004). Planning social mobilization and communication for dengue fever prevention and control: a step-by-step guide. Retrieved July 11, 2009, from http://www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/den-step-by-step.htm Phillips, M.L. (2008). Dengue reborn: widespread resurgence of a resilient vector. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(9). Retrieved July 7, 2009, from http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/116-9/focus.html.

  21. References World Health Organization (WHO). (2009a). Emergence of DEN/DHF. Retrieved July 31, 2009, from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/impact/en/index.html. World Health Organization (WHO). (2009b). Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Retrieved July 12, 2009, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/. World Health Organization (WHO). (2009c). Dengue in the western pacific region. Retrieved June 26, 2009, from http://www.wpro.who.int/health_topics/dengue/. World Health Organization (WHO). (2009d). Number of reported cases of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) in the western pacific region, by country: figures for 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/ 3C44FCF3-78D2-4655-BBEC-046DC7E2BCBB/0/Dengue_WPRO_2009_150609.pdf.

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