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The Human Mosaic CHAPTER THREE

The Human Mosaic CHAPTER THREE. Population Geography: Shaping the Human Mosaic. Kolkota, India. Introduction : What is geodemography? Spatial and ecological aspects of population density, distribution, fertility, gender, living standards, health, age, etc.

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The Human Mosaic CHAPTER THREE

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  1. The Human MosaicCHAPTER THREE Population Geography: Shaping the Human Mosaic

  2. Kolkota, India

  3. Introduction: What is geodemography? Spatial and ecological aspects of population density, distribution, fertility, gender, living standards, health, age, etc. What parts of the world see population growth, what parts don’t? Why? > 7 billion people!

  4. I) Demographic Regions A. Population Distribution and Density - uneven distribution of people on a global scale - largely unpopulated vs. thickly settled regions >72% live on the Eurasian continent < 8% live on the North American continent - Three major population clusters: 1) East Asia 2) Indian subcontinent 3) Europe - population density vs. physiological density & carrying capacity: “density beyond which people cease to be nutritionally self-sufficient" What is the carrying capacity of a given piece of land?

  5. your book shows the most recent data and expected future growth • note the corrections indicating less growth until 2050 • will global population growth come to a standstill earlier than expected?

  6. From where does U.S. oil come?

  7. B. Patterns of Natality - Birthrate (number of births / year / 1000) - Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (children / woman) (focus: women, family size, future development) - TFR < 2.1 leads to population decline - Worldwide contrasts of TFR values - Hong Kong (TFR 1.02) and Macao (TFR 0.91)! C. Geography of Mortality - Death Rates (number of deaths / year / 1000) - worldwide contrasts in death rates - correlation to TFR? - sub-Saharan Africa? - Europe? - North America? - death comes in different forms geographically

  8. Early diffusion of HIV

  9. D. Population Explosion - dramatic increase since 1900 (Why?) - decrease in death rates while TFR remains high - result is geometrical population increase, where doubling times become increasingly shorter - 62 billion people! Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) "Human ability to multiply far exceeds our ability to increase food production" - Is that true? - Need to check population growth - How? ----- Wars? Famine? What else?

  10. Malthus’s Dismal Equation?

  11. E. Or Population Implosion Perhaps? - Is the world overpopulated today? - Although we see decrease in TFR rates in many countries, is the population explosion over? F. The Demographic Transformation Model - The Stages: 1) Pre-Industrial 2) Beginning Industrialization 3) Transitional 4) Industrialization Completed 5) Postindustrial Period How do societies move from one stage to the next? Technical innovations? Birth control?

  12. The Rule of 72? (US: 72/0.6=120 years)

  13. The Rule of 72 in other countries?

  14. S-shaped world population curve?

  15. World Population Doubling Timeline

  16. Compare this graph with the one on the following slide!

  17. Demographic Transition Figure 1.35 The Different Stages of the Demographic Transition

  18. What’s wrong with this question?

  19. Residents of Sun City, Arizona

  20. Sun City, Arizona

  21. G. Age Distribution - Why do some countries have overwhelmingly young populations? - Why does the age structure vary within the United States? - Population Pyramids as devices to study age and gender characteristics of societies. H. Geography of Gender - geographical differences in sex ratio within the U.S. and throughout the world - "gendered spaces" (from Mount Athos in Greece to Valdosta, Georgia) - female infanticide (see China and India)

  22. Greek Orthodox Monastery on Mount Athos

  23. Population Pyramids

  24. Population Pyramid of Botswana / Impact of AIDS epidemic

  25. Population Pyramids from the US Which of these represents Laredo (TX), Lawrence (KS), Naples (FL), or Cedar Rapids (IA)?

  26. A “little emperor” with his grandparents in China

  27. Segregated beach in Tel Aviv, Israel.

  28. I. Standard of Living - infant mortality rate (number of children/ 1000) (measure for health, nutrition, sanitation, access to doctors, education, etc.) - Human Development Index (literacy, life expectancy, education, wealth)

  29. II) Diffusion in Population Geography How does demography relate to the theme of cultural diffusion? A. Migration - from the early beginnings in central Africa to today's examples of migration - push- and pull factors of migration - 50 million Europeans in the 19th century - change of national and international migration patterns over time - voluntary vs. forced migration B. Disease Diffusion - example of aids in Africa, its source of origin, and its spread through the rest of the world - aspects of contagious, relocation, and hierarchical diffusion

  30. Migration events as described by ancient Aztecs

  31. Fleeing from disease in London in the 1600s

  32. Mapping disease in London

  33. Consequences of the Thirty Year War in Europe

  34. Early diffusion of HIV

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