Andrew Jackson: The Champion of the “Common Man”

1. Andrew Jackson: 1767 - 1845 Adapted from: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

4. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

5. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

6. Campaigning “on the Stump”

7. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

8. Jackson's Early Life

9. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

10. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

11. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

12. Jackson's First Presidential Run

13. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

14. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

15. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

16. John Quincy Adams Administration (1825-1829)

17. Opposition to John Quincy Adams • Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites. • Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds. • Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary. • A national university. • An astronomical observatory. • A naval academy. • Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a might nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

18. What were the key issues in 1828?

19. The “Tariff of Abomination”

20. Tariff Battles • Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles. • Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports. • Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp]. • Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. • The South alone was adamantly against it. • As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. • They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

21. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”

22. Land & Indian Policies • John Quincy Adams: • His land policies gave westerners anothr reason to dislike him. • He attempted to curb speculation for public lands  his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward! • He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers. • 1825  govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA. • The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty. • Congress sided with the governor of GA.

23. The 1828 Election • Jackson’s campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY • He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of: • Northern farmers and artisans. • Southern slave owners. • Farmers with small land holdings. • He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jefferson’s old party: • Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units. • Mass meetings, parades, picnics. • A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

24. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

25. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

26. 1828 Election Results

27. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

28. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • Artisans [competition from factory labor]. • State Politicians spoils system • To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY] • Immigrants in the cities.

29. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

30. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

31. The Reign of “King Mob”

32. Andrew Jackson as President

33. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

34. The Nullification Issue

35. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Sen. Robert Hayne[SC]

36. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

37. Calhoun Ascends the Platform that Leads to Despotism

38. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1832 --> new tariff • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

39. Clays Sews Up Jackson’s Mouth (1834)

40. Jackson's Native-American Policy

41. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

42. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

43. Indian Removal

44. The Grand National Caravan Moving West

45. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

46. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans

47. Renewing the Charter of the 2nd National Bank

48. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Roadproject in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

49. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle[an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

50. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.