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Goal 3: Transcription

Goal 3: Transcription. I. RNA – R ibo N ucleic A cid. A. Composition of RNA Phosphate Ribose Sugar 4 nitrogenous bases ACGU ( uracil replaces thymine in RNA) B. RNA is a single helix. C. 3 Types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- a. RNA nucleotides in a single uncoiled chain

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Goal 3: Transcription

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  1. Goal 3: Transcription

  2. I. RNA – RiboNucleicAcid A. Composition of RNA • Phosphate • Ribose Sugar • 4 nitrogenous bases • ACGU (uracil replaces thymine in RNA) B. RNA is a single helix

  3. C. 3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)- a. RNA nucleotides in a single uncoiled chain b. Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm c. Codons- a series of 3 mRNA nucleotides in a row (Ex:GAC) d. sent to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein production (discussed later))

  4. 2.Transfer RNA (tRNA) a. consists of a chain of 80 RNA nucleotides in the shape of a hairpin (or a T) b. floats in cytoplasm and is sent to the ribosomes c. Anticodon-3 nucleotides found on one end of the tRNAmolecule d. the other end of the tRNA is attached to an amino acid

  5. 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Globular RNA which makes up the ribosomes helps build up ribosomes mRNA and tRNA meet rRNAfor the production of proteins

  6. DNA Double Helix Deoxyribose Sugar 4 N-bases: A,T,C,G Found in nucleus RNA Single Helix Ribose Sugar 4 N-bases: A,U,C,G Found in cytoplasm II. DNA vs. RNA Uracil Adenine

  7. III. Transcription • A. process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to mRNA • B. 4 STEPS • DNA unzips and RNA polymerase binds to specific regions of DNA called promoters • a. production of mRNA begins here • b. Only 1 side of the DNA is used to make a copy of mRNA • Complementary base pairs connect between DNA and RNA with the use of RNA polymerase • a. Remember: uracil pairs with adenine for RNA

  8. DNA-RNA-Protein Transcription • 3. RNA polymerase continues until it reaches a region of the DNA called the termination signal • a. termination signal marks the end of a gene • 4. RNA polymerases releases both the DNA molecule and the newly formed mRNA molecule • a. mRNA leaves into the cytoplasm

  9. Transcription

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