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Solar and lunar eclipses

Solar and lunar eclipses. By Katherine and Madiha. Eclipse. Definition: an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.

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Solar and lunar eclipses

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  1. Solar and lunar eclipses By Katherine and Madiha

  2. Eclipse • Definition: an astronomical event that occurs when an astronomical object is temporarily obscured, either by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. • An eclipse is a type of a syzygy. The word is often used in reference to the Sun, the Earth and either the Moon or a planet. • Eclipses also occur on other planets and Pluto.

  3. Umbra, penumbra and antumbra • The three parts of a shadow created by a light source, are the umbra, penumbra, and antumbra. • Umbra- the darkest part of the shadow, where all light is blocked. An observer would observe a total eclipse. • Penumbra- the part of a shadow where only part of the light is shown. An observer would be experiencing a partial eclipse. • Antumbra- the part where the occluding body appears inside the light, but as the observer moves closer to the light source, the occluding body will get bigger until it causes a full umbra. An observer experiences an annular eclipse.

  4. Solar eclipse • The moon gets between the sun and the Earth, the moon casts a shadow over the Earth creating a solar eclipse. • A solar eclipse will only occur at the phase of a new moon. • The four types of solar eclipses are total, annular, partial, and hybrid.

  5. Total Solar eclipse The umbra of the moon’s shadow touches a region of the Earth’s surface is a total solar eclipse. To an observer, the sun is completely blocked by the moon.

  6. Annular Solar eclipse A region upon the surface of the Earth is in line with the umbra is an Annular Solar eclipse. However, the distance between the two does not allow the tip of the umbra to reach the Earth’s surface.

  7. Partial Solar eclipse Part of the umbra and part of the penumbra of the moon’s shadow will pass over a region on the Earth’s surface. An observer would see the moon covering part of the sun.

  8. Hybrid Solar eclipse A Hybrid Solar eclipse is a rare type of eclipse where parts of the path are annual while other parts are total.

  9. Lunar eclipse • A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes through a shadow that the Earth casted. • Lunar eclipses can only happen during a full moon. • The three types of lunar eclipses are total, partial, and penumbral.

  10. Partial Lunar eclipse A partial eclipse is when part of the moon passes through the umbra shadow of the Earth.

  11. Penumbral Lunar eclipse When the moon passes through the Earth’s penumbral shadow a penumbral eclipse is occurring.

  12. Total lunar eclipse Total eclipses are when the whole moon passes through the Earth’s umbra shadow.

  13. Eclipsing binaries • Eclipsing binaries are when the plane of the sky is perpendicular to the orbital plane of the binary system. • When we see a star pass right in front of another star from the Earth, we are seeing an eclipsing binary.

  14. Eclipse cycle & Eclipse series • Repeated eclipses separated by certain intervals of time is called an eclipse cycle. • A series of eclipses separated by a repeat of intervals is an eclipse series.

  15. Eclipse conditions • Eclipses only occur when the Earth and the Moon are aligned with the Sun, and the shadow of one body cast by the Sun falls on the other. • An eclipse only occurs when the plane of the orbit of the sun is close to the moon. • Eclipses occur twice a year in a one or two month period.

  16. Historical eclipses • The earliest record of a solar eclipse comes from ancient Chinese history. Identifications of this event have varied from 2165 – 1948 BCE. • Chinese astronomy was mainly used by the government to help them rule the empire. Astronomers observing an eclipse as servants are kneeling on the ground in terror to placate the bad omen.

  17. Lunar Eclipse The earth blocking the sunlight that normally reflects the moon Solar Eclipse Moon passing in between the sun and the Earth

  18. A solar eclipse will always occur either two weeks after or before a lunar eclipse. A saros is when the eclipse cycle repeats every 18.6 years. Earth is the only planet at which a solar eclipse can occur. The longest total lunar eclipse lasted 6 minutes and 29 seconds. Facts A total solar eclipse occurs on average every 360 years.

  19. Upcoming eclipses!

  20. References http://www.princeton.edu http://www.space.com/ http://csep10.phys.utk.edu http://www.pas.rochester.edu http://www.astro.cornell.edu http://www.astronomytoday.com

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