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Chapter 14

In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion. Chapter 14. _____________________________________________________. Structure of the chapter: The Modern Challenges to Religion Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today MODERN RELIGION Modern Religion and Other Stages.

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Chapter 14

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  1. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ Structure of the chapter: The Modern Challenges to Religion Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today MODERN RELIGION Modern Religion and Other Stages

  2. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • Modern Challenges to Religion • scientific worldviews • secularity • autonomous selfhood • the tentativeness of • knowledge.

  3. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • The Challenge of • Scientific Worldviews • -- naturalism (no miracles)? • -- aimless universe? • -- darwinism and its challenges (ch. 12)

  4. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • The Challenge of • Secularity • give up other-worldliness • to improve this world: • seek to decrease • war, poverty, disease, child • abuse, abuse of women, • slavery, torture, oppression of • the weak, injustice . . . . Migrant Mother, photo by Dorothea Lange, mid ’30s

  5. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • The Challenge of • Autonomous selfhood OR: obey God, follow religious tradition; do what the Church says.

  6. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • The Challenge of • The tentativeness of knowledge OR:

  7. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ Structure of the chapter: The Modern Challenges to Religion Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today MODERN RELIGION Modern Religion and Other Stages

  8. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today Amish in the City – And numerous traditional Religious groups today. David Koresh, Branch Davidians, Waco Rev. Pat Robertson Famous fundamentalist

  9. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today For the essay exam, be able to indicate how these three groups – fundamentalists, sects like the Amish, and a “cult” like Brand Davidians – React to the four challenges of modernity.

  10. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ Structure of the chapter: The Modern Challenges to Religion Non-Modern Religious Beliefs Today MODERN RELIGION Modern Religion and Other Stages

  11. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews

  12. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science • Unite religion with science • Wait for further developments.

  13. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science.

  14. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • We will review 4 theologians and a skeptic, • just to see a range of responses to science.

  15. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” Friedrich Schleiermacher 1768-1834

  16. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • Cultural context: • Deism had eliminated miracles. • biblical miracles, the incarnation • and resurrection of Jesus !?

  17. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- true religion = experience of the • divine Whole on which the entire • universe depends. • This experience is “God-consciousness.”

  18. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- true religion = experience of the • divine Whole on which the entire • universe depends. • Religion does not depend on external • evidence like science does. • It is entirely separate from science.

  19. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- true religion = experience of the • divine Whole on which the entire • universe depends. • True religion does not depend on • belief in miracles. • [a concession to deism??]

  20. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- true religion = experience of the • divine Whole on which the entire • universe depends. • -- all doctrines are just symbolic attempts • to express the basic religious experience.

  21. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- all doctrines are just symbolic • expressions of the basic • religious experience. • -- e.g. idea that Jesus is divine • as well as human ?

  22. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- e.g. idea that Jesus is divine • as well as human ? • Just a symbol of this: Jesus had • the greatest God-consciousness

  23. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- e.g. belief in a life after death?

  24. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- e.g. belief in a life after death? • This is just a symbolic way of • expressing trust that at death a • person enters into final unity with • the Whole.

  25. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • -- result: no LITERAL • incarnation of God in Jesus, • nor life after death. • “Fundamentalism” defined itself • as a rejection of “liberal theology” • in the early 1900s. (See ch. 12)

  26. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • Rudolph Otto (the “numinous” guy) God = mystery, fascinating & terrifying. This God can be found through religious experience or feeling, as Schleiermacher said. 1869-1937

  27. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • In between Schl and Otto: Feuerbach • Rudolph Otto (the “numinous” guy) • More people accept Otto than Feuerbach 1869-1937

  28. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • b.Ludwig Feuerbach • “inner experience can deceive us” 1804-1872

  29. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • b.Ludwig Feuerbach • “inner experience can deceive us” • We have a capacity for the infinite. • The infinite scares us • So we “project” a comforting image • into the sky: God, made in our own image. 1804-1872

  30. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • b.Ludwig Feuerbach • We attribute to this “God” • our own powers of thought and • free choice, made perfect. • Then we submit to this fiction we • have created. 1804-1872

  31. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • b.Ludwig Feuerbach • He did not prove God does not exist. • But he planted the suspicion. • Both Marx and Freud used this theory. • These 3 = “masters of suspicion.” 1804-1872

  32. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • In between Schl and Otto: Feuerbach • Rudolph Otto (the “numinous” guy) • More people accept Otto than Feuerbach. • Nonetheless, Feuerbach made people nervous. 1869-1937

  33. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • b. Feuerbach’s suspicion • c. Karl Barth’s “neo-orthodoxy” 1886-1968

  34. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • b. Feuerbach’s suspicion • c. Karl Barth’s “neo-orthodoxy” 1886-1968

  35. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • b. Feuerbach’s suspicion • c. Karl Barth’s “neo-orthodoxy” • no miracles • but faith is God’s gift • not something to be proven • or disproven by science.

  36. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • b. Feuerbach’s suspicion • c. Karl Barth’s “neo-orthodoxy” • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” 1884-1976

  37. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • We do “ex-ist” in the universe.

  38. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • We do “ex-ist” in the universe. • Shall we then despair?

  39. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • We do “ex-ist” in the universe. • Shall we then despair? • No: say “nevertheless” • I will have courage, • inspired by Christ. Salvador Dali, 1954.

  40. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • This echoed the position of • Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) • Fear and Trembling: Abraham.

  41. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • This echoed the position of • Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) • Fear and Trembling: Abraham.

  42. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • This echoed the position of • Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) • Fear and Trembling: Abraham.

  43. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • a. Schleiermacher’s “liberal theology” • b. Feuerbach’s suspicion • c. Karl Barth’s “neo-orthodoxy” • d. Rudolph Bultmann’s • “Christian existentialism” • e. Mircea Eliade’s phenomenology of religion

  44. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • e. Mircea Eliade’s phenomenology of religion • Experience of the sacred is • “sui generis” -- unique. • The sacred cannot be grasped • by non-sacred methods. • (Primitive people are closer • to the sacred than moderns.) • [end of section on segregate]

  45. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science.

  46. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science. • [First -- two people to ignore for the exam:] G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947

  47. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science. • A person to recall: agnostic Julian Huxley

  48. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science. • A person to recall: agnostic Julian Huxley • and his friend Pere Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, S.J.

  49. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science. • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin • proposed a Christian version • of Huxley’s theory 1881- 1955

  50. In the Presence of Mystery: Modern Religion Chapter 14 _____________________________________________________ • MODERN RELIGION and 1) scientific worldviews • Three different approaches: • Segregate religion from science. • Integrate religion with science. • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

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