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Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Instructor: Dr. Fang (Daisy) Tang

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Instructor: Dr. Fang (Daisy) Tang. What is CSS?. CSS stands for C ascading S tyle S heets Styles define how to display HTML elements Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem

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Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) Instructor: Dr. Fang (Daisy) Tang

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  1. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)Instructor: Dr. Fang (Daisy) Tang

  2. What is CSS? • CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets • Styles define how to display HTML elements • Styles are normally stored in Style Sheets • Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem • External style sheets can save a lot of work • External style sheets are stored in CSS files • Multiple style definitions will cascade into one • Example: my homepage • Another example: http://www.w3schools.com/css/demo_default.htm (.html)

  3. Multiple Ways to Define Style • External Style Sheet (.css files) • Internal Style Sheet • Inline Styles • Examples: http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_styles.asp • More: default style, CSS changed by JavaScript

  4. Multiple Styles Cascade Into One • What style will be used when there is more than one style? • Browser default • External style sheets are included • Embedded styles (inside the <head> tag) override external styles • Inline styles (inside an HTML element) override both embedded and external styles • Styles modified with JavaScript override all other styles

  5. CSS Style Rule p { font-size: x-large ; background-color: yellow } property names declarations selector string declaration block

  6. Selector Strings • Type selector: • Element type, such as body, p, hr, etc. • See previous example • Multiple element types using the same style are separated by comma • h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {background-color:purple} • ID selector: • #p1, #s1 {background-color: blue} • <p id=“p1”> … </p> • <span id=“s1”>…</span> • id values are case-sensitive

  7. Sector Strings, Continue … • Class selector: • .myitalic {font-style: italic} • .myred {color: red} • <span class=“myitalic myred”> … </span> • class values are case sensitive • multiple classes can be applied, separated by space • All but a few elements, such as html, head, and elements that appear as content of head, have the class attribute • ID and class selectors can be prefixed by an element type name • p.right {text-align: right} • p#left {text-align: left} • <p class=“right”> … </p> • <p id=“left”> … </p>

  8. Selector Strings, Continue … • A selector within the content of certain element types • ul span {color: green}: applies to a span element within a ul element • ul ol li {letter-spacing: 1em}: applies to an li element within an ol element that is within a ul element • CSS comments /* This is a comment */ p { text-align: center; /* This is another comment */ color: black; font-family: arial }

  9. How to Insert a Style Sheet? • External style sheet <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css" /> </head> • Internal style sheet <head> <style type="text/css"> hr {color: sienna} p {margin-left: 20px} </style> </head> • Inline style <p style="color: sienna; margin-left: 20px"> This is a paragraph </p>

  10. CSS Basics • Background • Text • Font • Border • Outline • Margin • Padding • List • Table

  11. CSS Advanced • CSS dimension • CSS classification • CSS positioning • CSS pseudo-class • CSS pseudo-element • CSS media types

  12. Font • Generic font families defined in HTML and CSS are: • Serif • Sans-serif • Monospace • Cursive • Fantasy • There are a lot other font families, but might not be well supported

  13. How to Select a Font Family? • Rules-of-Thumb • Don’t use more than 3-4 fonts on any one page • Don’t change the font in mid sentence unless you have a very good reason • Sans-serif for online, serif for print • Monospace for typewriter and code • Script and fantasy for accents • Sans-serif fonts are the basis of your site, for example: • Arial, geneva, helvetica, lucida sans, trebuchet, verdana • Verdana is a font family that was actually invented for use on the web

  14. Selecting Font, Continue • Use serif fonts for print • If you have print friendly versions of your site, use serif fonts • Examples: garamond, georgia, new york, times, times new roman • Monospace for bode examples • Use it to provide instructions, give examples, or imply typewritten text • Examples: courier, courier new, lucida console, monaco • Example: • http://www.csupomona.edu/~ftang/www/courses/CS299-S09/examples/font.html

  15. More Case Studies of CSS from CSS Tutorials @ http://webdesign.about.com/od/css/Cascading_Style_Sheets.htm

  16. Case Study • Understanding CSS “float” • http://webdesign.about.com/od/advancedcss/a/aa010107.htm

  17. Case Study • Tableless layouts • http://webdesign.about.com/od/css/a/aa102102a.htm • There are many potential problems about using table for layout • http://webdesign.about.com/od/layout/a/aa111102a.htm • Frames can also be substituted by CSS • http://webdesign.about.com/od/css/a/aa110402a.htm

  18. Case Study • Fixed width layouts vs. Liquid layouts • http://webdesign.about.com/od/layout/i/aa060506.htm • Fixed width layouts: • The width of the entire page is set with a specific numerical value • Liquid layouts: • The width of the entire page is flexible depending upon how wide the viewer’s browser is

  19. Case Study • How to build a 3-column layout: • http://webdesign.about.com/od/csstutorials/ss/css_layout_sbs.htm • Steps: • Draw your layout • Create and style a Container element • Use a Headline Tag for the Header • To get 3 columns, start by building 2 columns • Then add 2 columns inside the wide second column • Add in the Footer • Add in your personal style and content

  20. Free Web Templates • http://webdesign.about.com/od/websitetemplates/a/bl_layouts.htm • http://www.csszengarden.com

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