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3. A New Kind of Revolution Main Idea In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. • Objectives: • Students will explore why the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain. • Students will discover the great inventors and inventions during the Industrial Revolution. • Students will investigate who the Industrial Revolution spread from Great Britain.

4. Factors for Success Agricultural Factors • Exploration and colonialism • Seapower • Political stability • Government support • Growth of private investment • Research and development on farms • JethroTull, seed drill • Improved livestock breeding • Better varieties of food crops • Increased food supply • Population grew • Enclosure movement • the combining of many small farms by wealthy landowners A Revolution in Great Britain During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.

5. Britain’s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. • Had essential elements for economic success • Factors of production • Land • Labor • Capital

6. New Way of Making Cloth Cloth-making in Factories • Fabric made of wool or cotton • Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s • Slave labor in America • Invention of cotton gin • Invention of spinning jenny • Invention of flying shuttle • Cottages too small • Factory invented • Power for factories? • Water frame for water power • Output increased 8x by 1770 A Revolution in Textiles • Textile Industry • Beginning of Industrial Revolution • Weaving was a cottage industry • Labor performed at home • Industrialization transformed this

7. Coal for Steam Engines Development of Steam Engine • Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel • Wood scarce • Coal mining industry • Changing landscapes • Dangers of mining • First successful steam engine in 1712 • Innovations by James Watt • Steam power versus water power • Steam locomotives • Steamships • Robert Fulton Steam Powers the Revolution

9. “The Chimney Sweeper," from Songs of Innocence When my mother died I was very young,And my father sold me while yet my tongueCould scarcely cry " 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!' "So your chimneys I sweep & in soot I sleep. There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his headThat curled like a lamb's back, was shaved: so I said,"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head's bareYou know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair." And so he was quiet, & that very night,As Tom was a-sleeping he had such a sight!That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned & Jack,Were all of them locked up in coffins of black. And by came an Angel who had a bright key,And he opened the coffins & set them all free;Then down a green plain, leaping, laughing, they run,And wash in a river and shine in the Sun. Then naked & white, all their bags left behind,They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind.And the Angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy,He'd have God for his father & never want joy. And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark,And got with our bags & our brushes to work.Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy & warm;So if all do their duty, they need not fear harm. .............................................—William Blake

10. Why Western Countries? America Europe • Political liberty • Freedom to compete • Rewards reaped • Exploitation and improvements • British restrictions • Hamilton, 1791 • Samuel Slater • Water frame • Slater’s Mill • Lowell’s Mill • Belgium, 1807 • France, 1815 • Germany, 1850 • Railroads • Treaties Industrialization Spreads Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry?

11. Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. • Japan first in 1868 • Meiji government • The 1900s—industrialization for • China • India • Russia

13. Factories and Factory Towns • Where employees worked • Major change from cottage industry • Had to leave home to work • Migration from farms to Cities • Hardships for some workers • Working in a factory • Dangerous work for all • Long workdays (average workday between 12 -14 hours) • Poor factory conditions common • Life in factory towns • Towns grew up around factories • Towns, factories rose near coal mines • Sanitation poor in many factory towns

14. Whole streets, unpaved and without drains or main sewers, are worn into deep ruts and holes in which water constantly stagnates, and are so covered with refuse and excrement as to be impassable from depth of mud and intolerable stench."

20. The Factory System and Workers • Workers in a New Economy • Wealthy to invest in, own factories • Mid-level to run factories • Low-level to run machines • Cottage Workers’ Unrest • Handmade goods more expensive than factory made • Luddite movement, 1811 • Violence spread, 1812 • Changing Labor Conditions • No government regulation • Labor unions organized • Strikes brought change • New Class of Workers • Growth of middle class • Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen • Economy increased

22. Mass Production Effects • Mass production began in U.S. • Elements: • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line • Production and repair more efficient • Production more swift • Dramatic increase in production • Businesses charged less • Affordable goods • More repetitious jobs • Soon became norm Factories and Mass Production The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories.

23. Capitalism and Competition New Roles for Business Leaders • Old mercantile system restricted trade • Laissez-faire economics • Adam Smith, market economy • Thomas Malthus, poverty unavoidable • Industrialization succeeded and spread • Shift in wealth and power • Entrepreneur • Banking and finance • Andrew Carnegie, rags to riches • Robber barons • Wealthy business men who use exploitative practices to amass their wealth New Ideas about Economics

24. Competing Economic Views Karl Marx Robert Owen • More radical socialism • Predicted collapse of capitalism • poverty and a • workers’ • revolution of the Proletariat • Das Kapital • Communism • Government owns means of production • controls economic planning • More hopeful than Malthus • Socialism • Society owns property • Society controls business • Model industrial town • New Harmony • Social democracy • a political movement advocating a gradual and peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means •  a democratic welfare state that incorporates both capitalist and socialist practices. Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and Karl Marx.

25. Home Life Countries Societies • Worlds of work and home separated • “Separate spheres” • Business world-without moral controls • Women-moral guidance at home • Industry-great power • Control of other nations’ economies • Industrialization of United States • Period of immigration to United States • Increase in wealth • Standard of living improved • Leisure time • Changes to many aspects of life: • Art • Politics • Transportation Effects on Society The rise of new economic ideas was among the countless effects of the Industrial Revolution. The shift away from cottage industries also affected home life and the roles of women in society.