Resource Management Review Questions

1. Resource Management Review Questions Created by Mr. Mleziva

2. When given more than one line to respond, answer in a complete sentence • Read the question carefully and determine exactly what you are being asked • Give specific details i.e. key examples and vocabulary • Where appropriate include major geography themes

3. In preparation for paragraph responses, review your essay helpers handout in the Resource Binder • If you are given a paragraph response question worth 6 marks, make sure that you have six solid points, one or two major geography themes where appropriate, and solid paragraph structure.

4. 10a) Mining impacts on the hydrologic cycle:

5. Acid rock drainage (sulphur mixes with oxygen and water to produce sulphuric acid which lowers the pH in waterways)

6. Contaminated tailings, stock piles Diversion projects and site disturbance from open pit and underground mining Emissions into the atmosphere (i.e. roasting waste rock generates sulphur dioxide which contributes to acid rain)

7. 10b) Forestry impacts on the hydrologic cycle:

8. Clearcutting results in: • Increased soil erosion and river siltation • Increased river discharge during storms • Damage to spawning grounds

9. 11a) Serious threats to wetlands:

10. Development upon them for urban, industrial, or agricultural purposes • Urban runoff • Pollution from herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers • Solid waste disposal (eg Vancouver Landfill) or sewage disposal • Drying out due to damming upstream

11. 11b) Why protect wetlands? • Absorb potential flood waters • Filter water and pollutants • Home to a variety of species including 1/3 of all endangered species • Provide nutrients for fish in surrounding rivers • Carbon sinks (i.e. Burns Bog) • Aesthetic values and ecotourism

12. 4a) Urban Encroachment:The loss of farmland or wilderness area to urban development

13. 4b) Negative Impacts: • Loss of wetlands • Loss of habitat for flora and fauna • Loss of arable land; reduced potential to produce food locally

14. 4c) Positive impacts: • An expanded urban environment offers: • more job opportunities • an increased tax base • closer proximity to work • better access to retail businesses

15. 4a) Creation of a wilderness recreation area:

16. When the government sets aside relatively unspoiled lands for parks • 4b) Negatives • Loss of potential resource extraction jobs (eg mining and forestry) • Loss of tax revenues for the government from resource extraction companies • In some areas, loss of hydroelectric potential

17. 4c) Positives • Habitat protection • Gene pool protection • Ecotourism jobs and tax revenue

18. 6a) Preservationist Point of View re: Harvesting of Old Growth Forest in BC

19. Do not do it! Why? • Loss of wildlife habitat • Impact on climate; loss of a carbon sink • Increased soil erosion and siltation of rivers • Loss of biodiversity • Loss of food and medicine sources • Loss of ecotourism potential

20. 6b) Balanced, multi-use point of view re: Harvesting of Old Growth Forest in BC • Allow partial logging of the area (i.e. smaller clearcuts or selective logging) and preserve part of the area; therefore, avoid full environmental impacts of complete logging (i.e. economic viewpoint) while creating some logging jobs and tax revenues for the government; some trees left for future generations

21. 7) Satellite images used by geographers for:

22. Weather forecasting

23. The identification and classification of mountain pine beetle, Dentroctonus ponderosa (Hopkins), red-attack damage patterns in a mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest located in the Fort St. James Forest District, British Columbia, was accomplished using 1999 Landsat TM satellite imagery, 1999 mountain pine beetle field and aerial point data, and GIS forest inventory data.

26. Monitor the health and clearing of forests (resource depletion and possible erosion) Satellite image of deforestation in the Amazon region, taken from the Brazilian state of Para on July 15, 1986. The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray is regrowth. The pattern of deforestation spreading along roads is obvious in the lower half of the image. Scattered larger clearings can be seen near the center of the image

27. Monitor the status of the ozone layer

28. Monitor changes in the size of lakes and fresh water supplies Lake Chad (1973) Lake Chad (1997)

29. Monitor agricultural crops and identify land use patterns Winnipeg

30. Monitor the impacts of natural disasters such as hurricanes and tsunamis

31. 4) Misuse and Mismanagement of Fish eg East Coast Fishery • Problems: decline in the cod and turbot stocks Why? • Canadian and foreign overfishing; utilizing high-tech. boats • Historically, lack of enforcement of regulations and few consequences for violations • Abundance of seals eating too many cod

32. Solutions: • Stricter quotas and better monitoring of the fishery with enforcement • New N.A.F.O agreement with the E.U. for fishing in international waters • Expanded seal hunt • Diversify the NFLD. economy to make it less dependent upon the fishery

33. Eg West Coast Fishery • Problems: declining salmon stocks Why? • Salmon habitat destruction via poor logging practices, urbanization, pollution (i.e. urban runoff, sewage, industrial effluent), and damming rivers • Competing user groups (i.e. commercial vs. sports vs. aboriginal vs. American fisheries) • Changing water temperatures

34. Concerns over sea-based fish farming • Use of Atlantic salmon, if escape, compete for spawning grounds with wild stocks • Spread of disease and lice to wild stocks

35. Solutions: • Protect Salmon Habitat (i.e. selective logging practices, maintaining adequate buffer zones along salmon streams, restoration of salmon streams in urban areas, sewage treatment plants, stricter regulations and enforcement for dumping industrial wastes, fish ladders near dams) • Lower quotas for all user groups and /or buy back fishing licence programs

36. A moratorium on expanding fish farm operations • Closed system fish farm operations or strictly land based

37. Note: For issues surrounding the use of the Temperate Rain Forest, see the earlier question regarding the Harvesting of Old Growth Forest

38. 12) Impact of agricultural chemicals on ecosystems: • Runoff into streams and seepage into groundwater; therefore, contamination of water supplies for humans and animals • Pollutants move up the food chain and become more concentrated especially in fatty tissues (i.e. bioaccumulation) resulting in birth defects and brittle egg shells for birds

40. Global Citizenship: a realization that individuals have a responsibility to care for the environmental health of the planet and since many environmental problems are multi-national in nature (i.e. pollution knows no borders), cooperation is needed amongst countries to enact meaningful solutions; think globally, act locally.

41. Enact international agreements to ban certain chemicalseg DDT has been banned in North America • Encourage organic farming to lessen the need for pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers

42. 8) Ocean currents affect economic activity:

43. Grand Banks off of Nfld.: Cold Labrador current meets the Warm Gulf Stream current stirring up the water and nutrients attracting cod to the area • Off the coast of Peru: during El Niño, warm water stays preventing colder water and nutrients from coming to the surface; therefore, the anchovy industry is severely hurt

44. The Gulf Stream current and N. Atlantic Drift give Western and Northern Europe a milder winter allowing for better shipping

45. 9a) Climate of the Sahel influenced by its location: • Low latitude; hot temperatures • Offshore winds; drier • High pressure at 30ºN has a drying influence on the area • Cold ocean current nearby; less moisture goes into the air

46. 9b) Human Activities Damaging the Area: • Deforestation for agricultural land and fuel wood as well as overgrazing by cattle leaves the land vulnerable to erosion and desertification • Increasing population puts more pressure on the land and its limited resources in an arid region

47. 9c) Possible Solutions: • Limit grazing; build animal pens • Managed fuel wood lots • Plant trees as wind breaks • Plant bushes to stabilize dunes • Place stones along contour lines to trap moisture; better farming techniques • Reduce birthrate through education and government aid

48. 14) A Crisis in the atmosphere and utilizing global citizenship to develop solutions:

49. Global Warming: • Describe the Kyoto Accord and how it can be utilized to cut greenhouse gas emissionseg Canada’s commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 6% relative to 1990.How? • Reduce dependency on fossil fuels by encouraging the use of alternatives such as wind, solar, hydro, geothermal

50. Carpool, use transit, purchase hybrid vehicles, use methanol blended gasoline • Development of the Ballard Fuel Cell for zero emission vehicles • Increase energy efficiency – better insulation for homes, energy efficient appliances, double glazed windows, use compact fluorescent light bulbs, take part in the “One Tonne Challenge” • Transfer clean energy technology to developing countries