St John Ambulance

1. St John Ambulance Please note: Any deviation from the slides contained in the original presentation are not sanctioned by St John Ambulance. Individuals will be held personally liable for any information on additional slides added to this presentation.

2. Head injuries

3. Head injuries - compression What you will see: • history of a recent head injury • the casualty’s responses may worsen • the casualty may become unconscious • severe headache • unequal pupil size.

4. Head injuries - compression What you should do: • dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance • if the casualty is conscious, support and reassure them in a resting position • monitor the casualty’s vital signs.

5. Hypothermia and Heat exhaustion

6. Hypothermia What you should do: • bring the casualty inside • replace wet clothing with dry clothing • re-warm the casualty slowly • help the casualty to bed and keep them covered • give the casualty warm drinks and high energy foods • if the casualty’s condition worsens seek medical help.

7. Heat exhaustion What you should do: • help the casualty move to a cool place • lay the casualty down and raise their legs • give the casualty plenty of water to drink; isotonic drinks or oral rehydration salts will help with salt replacement • advise the casualty to seek medical help • if the casualty’s condition worsens, place them in the recovery position and dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance.

8. Primary survey

9. Primary survey By the end of this session you will be able to: • assess a situation for dangers to yourself and the casualty • assess the casualty’s responses, open their airway, check for breathing and check for severe bleeding.

10. Primary survey Before attempting first aid you should always: • check that you are safe • check for a response • open the casualty’s airway if necessary • check to see if the casualty is breathing • check to see if there is any severe bleeding.

11. Primary survey DR ABC • Danger • Response • Airway • Breathing • Circulation.

12. Seizures

13. Seizures What you should do: • make space around the casualty and move bystanders away and remove dangerous objects • record the time the seizure began • if possible, place a cushion or coat under the casualty’s head • when the seizure has finished check for breathing and if they are breathing place them in the recovery position • be prepared to resuscitate.