1 / 26

Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Using Sources. Contents (Writing and Grammar). Identifying Plagiarism Acknowledging (grammar and writing) Paraphrasing and word choice Direct and Indirect Quotations Voice Clauses to phrases/ phrases to clauses and other structure manipulations Summarizing. Plagiarism.

presta
Download Presentation

Chapter 8

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Using Sources

  2. Contents (Writing and Grammar) • Identifying Plagiarism • Acknowledging (grammar and writing) • Paraphrasing and word choice • Direct and Indirect Quotations • Voice • Clauses to phrases/ phrases to clauses and other structure manipulations • Summarizing

  3. Plagiarism • What is it? • The theft of words, ideas, or art • Am I a bad person if I plagiarize? • No. Most plagiarism is done out of ignorance or misunderstanding of source acknowledgement.

  4. Some Famous Plagiarists • Martin Luther King, Jr. (social leader) • Plagiarized his doctoral dissertation and parts of his “I Have a Dream” Speech. • H.G. Wells (writer War of the Worlds and The Time Machine) • Began his career through plagiarizing another author • George Harrison (from the Beatles) • Plagiarized the melody of his famous “My Sweet Lord” song from another musician.

  5. Plagiarism • So it’s okay to plagiarize? • No. And it’s nearly impossible to do it.

  6. Plagiarism pg. 222 • 1. Plagiarism is cheating. • 2. A person (including you) owns everything he or she writes. • 3. Plagiarism is against the law

  7. Acknowledgements pg 223 • Use the correct grammar when acknowledging a source • Inform the reader about the name of the author and of the source • Use reporting verbs to provide this information

  8. Verbs of Report pg 223 • say • report • state • claim feel • argue deny • believe maintain • contend • indicate • point out • show Facts Theories/ opinions Demonstration

  9. Practice • Read the source material from wikipedia.com • Use the Wikipedia source for the effects of World War II in Europe to practice these verbs of report. • Practice using a factual reporting verb, a theoretical reporting verb, and a demonstrative reporting verb (3 citations, direct or indirect)

  10. Acknowledgement Patterns:First Mention • Practicing Pattern 1: • “There were six chickens last night, but when I woke up this morning . . .nothing.” Fox Maxwell Prattville, Alabama • Practicing Pattern 2: • “The meteor shower is a regular event that occurs every thirty-six years over Madison County, and will continue to do so for another 2000 years.” Chief Meteorologist Ruben Stanley Montgomery Skywatch Weather Station Montgomery, Alabama

  11. Acknowledgement Patterns:First Mention • Practicing Pattern 3: • “Mohammar Gaddafi was a despot, the people of Libya considered him a despot, and the international community holds him in contempt of common decency.” “Libya’s Power Struggle” Time, April 4, 2011 • Practicing Pattern 4: • “The writing on the wall predicts huge job losses, in the thousands, in Wisconsin if Governor Walker signs the July union-busting Bill on his desk.” Author Unknown “Unions at Stake” USA Today March 3, 2011

  12. Acknowledgment Patterns: Subsequent Mention • Practicing Pattern 1: • “I honestly believe there is a chicken thief in the neighborhood. I even know who it is. Why, it’s Bob down the road. He’s always been jealous of my beautiful chickens.” Fox Maxwell Prattville, AL • Practicing Pattern 2: • “The shower is scheduled to last for 2 short hours. Visibility is good for the first hour, but around 1 AM some light cloud cover may obscure viewing in the metro area.” Chief Meteorologist Ruben Stanley Montgomery Skywatch Weather Station Montgomery, Alabama

  13. When Do I Acknowledge? • In general, if the information can be found in four or more sources then the information is factual and does not need to be acknowledged. • Ex. “The sky is blue.” Barack Obama • You do not need to quote or acknowledge Mr. Obama because this is common, factual information.

  14. Paraphrasing pg. 225 • “Give the same idea using different words.” • Choose synonymous words carefully • Use words with similar contextual meaning • Ex. You want to paraphrase a scientific article about insects. The article uses the phrase “mass of insects.” “Congregation” is a religious synonym of “mass,” so it would not be accurate to substitute “congregation” when discussing science. • Match tone • Use as many reasonable changes as possible

  15. Paraphrasing • Synonyms • Changing Word Forms • Indirect quotation • Changing Voice • Manipulating Structure • Changing Word Order

  16. Paraphrasing: Synonyms • A word with the same approximate meaning, tone, and contextual meaning is a synonym • Discuss the examples on pg. 226 • Sources: paper or digital thesaurus • In your journal, practice finding synonyms as you paraphrase this example. • “Regarding cost, the vehicle on the lot is not attainable.” • Share with a partner and evaluatethe synonyms • Diagram

  17. Changing Word Forms • Use your paraphrased sentence from the previous exercise to practice new word forms. • Ex. “Regarding cost, the vehicle on the lot is not attainable.” • The vehicle cost prevents attainment. • Share with a partner • Diagram as a class.

  18. Diagrams: 10-20 • Subject Complements • Predicate adjectives • Predicate nominatives • Linking Verbs • Noun References • Direct Objects • Pronoun objects (whom, what)

  19. Skipped • Changing Voice • Changing Word Order

  20. Clauses to Phrases&Phrases to Clauses • See Word Document for example breakdown • Choose one topic sentence from the original cause-effect topic sentences (there are three) and try to paraphrase by converting clauses to phrases or phrases to clauses. • Don’t worry about being totally correct! Do your best and share your work with the class.

  21. Identify and Practicing Techniques pg 229-231 • Identify the techniques together for exercise 8.3 • Complete 8.4 on page 231 for homework

  22. Direct Quote or Paraphrase?Pg 226-227 • When using sources, how do you choose between a direct quotation or a paraphrase? • Use a direct quotation when: • When the original is more succinct • When the original is more witty • When the original has greater impact • Finally, avoid overusing direct quotations—try to paraphrase whenever possible.

  23. Final Rules for Paraphrasing • 1. Acknowledge source (author or source name) • 2. Avoid “I think” or “I believe” phrases • 3. Research carefully • 4. Use quotation marks for direct quotations • 5. Be accurate • 6. Maintain tone • 7. Avoid adding your own beliefs or ideas to the paraphrase • 8. Close the source when paraphrasing

  24. 8.5 • Individual paraphrase assignments for homework. • Paraphrase one of the four quotations in your journal (title: 8.5), bring your paraphrase to class the next day, and share it

  25. Summary, Quote Punctuation, andIndirect Quotation Rules • Read the definition of a summary on page on page 233 at home. For this chapter, we will not practice the summary. • Read the punctuation rules for quotations on page 235 (“Rules for Direct Quotation”) at home. We will not drill these rules. Instead, when you encounter a situation where you want to quote directly, refer to this page and find the rule you want to use. • Do not read the section “Rules for Indirect Quotation” on page 237. The rules here are for reporting spoken sources, not written sources, so it is not useful to us.

More Related