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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Hitachi Direct Sequence UWB Impulse Radio System ] Date Submitted: [ December 28th, 2004 ] Source: [(1)Akira Maeki, Ryosuke Fujiwara, Kenichi Mizugaki, Masayuki Miyazaki, Masaru Kokubo,

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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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  1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Hitachi Direct Sequence UWB Impulse Radio System ] Date Submitted: [December 28th, 2004] Source: [(1)Akira Maeki, Ryosuke Fujiwara, Kenichi Mizugaki, Masayuki Miyazaki, Masaru Kokubo, (2)Yasuyuki Okuma, Miki Hayakawa, Shinsuke Kobayashi, Noboru Koshizuka, Ken Sakamura] Company [(1) Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory and Advanced Research Laboratory, (2) YRP Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory] Address [(1) 1-280 Higashi Koigakubo Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601 JAPAN (2)28th KOWA Bldg., 2-20-1, Nishi-Gotanda Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031 JAPAN] Voice:[+81 42.323.1111], FAX: [+81 42.327.7849], E-Mail:[a-maeki@crl.hitachi.co.jp] Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract: [This document proposes Hitachi, Ltd.’s PHY proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard] Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard.] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  2. Hitachi, Ltd. Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Akira Maeki Hitachi, Ltd. DS- UWB Impulse Radio Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  3. Contents • DS-UWB IR Proposal • Details of the System Evaluation • Location Awareness • Summary Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  4. Pulse Generator PA Direct Sequence UWB Impulse Radio System (DS-UWB IR) Impulse Radio DBPSK Transmitter t PRF=Tens of MHz PRF :Pulse Repetition Frequency Receiver RF BB Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  5. UWB Pulse and Spectrum Initial Target : Arbitrary Pulse in Low Band (3.1-5.1GHz) -40 -50 -60 • Example: • 2.5ns Gaussian Pulse • Center Frequency=4.1GHz • 10dB BW=1.4GHz • TxPower (ave.)= - 9.8dBm EIRP (dBm/MHz) -70 Low Band (3.1-5.1GHz) High Band (6-10GHz) -80 -90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency (GHz) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  6. Why DS-UWB IR? • Low Power Consumption : • -Very Simple Architecture • -Low Rate Sampling ADC: Tens of Msps, 4bits • Low Cost : • -CMOS Implementation is Feasible (Peak Power <10dBm) • -Low Band (3.1-5.1GHz) • HighLocation Accuracy : • -Narrow Pulse(2.5ns)~30cm in 30m region (AWGN) • Scalability : by Spread Factor • 258kbps @30m (cf. ZigBee 250kbps @30-70m) • 10.7Mbps @10m (cf. Bluetooth 1Mbps @10m) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  7. Evaluation Results • Scalability 258kbps at 30m, 10.7Mbps at 10m in AWGN channel • Low Power Consumption Tx=30mW, Rx=120mW • Low Cost CMOS implementation • High Location Accuracy 30 cm at 30m (AWGN) xcm at y m (Indoor Residential LOS: CM1) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  8. Benchmark Hitachi Proposal DS-UWB IEEE802.15.4 #1 Data Rate & Range 10.7Mbps @10m 258kbps @30m 250kbps @30-70m Tx: 30mW Rx: 120mW Tx: 50-60mW Rx: 50-60mW Power Consumption Location Accuracy (30m range in AWGN) 30cm 2-3m #2 #1: commercial chip example #2: Sampling Rate=64Msps Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  9. Details of the System Evaluation 1. General Definitions 2. Signal Robustness 3. Technical Feasibility Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  10. 1. General Definitions -Overview -Parameters for the Simulations -Scalability -Link Budget Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  11. Overview SOP evaluation Not finished yet • System Parameters (Slide 12-14) • Frame Format (Slide 19) • System Performance (Slide 22) Code 3 Code 1 Multiple Access: CDMA (Slide 18) 31chip M-Sequence • Transceiver • (Slide 15) Tx Anchor Nodes (Known position) PAN coordinator Rx • Tx (Slide 17) • Rx (Slide 27-28) Code 2 Interference Interferer Sync. Node • Coexistence (Slide 24) FFD (Full Function Device) Location Awareness (Slide 33) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  12. System Parameters Data Rate: Data Rate Range 32MHz (=31ns) 2.5ns Nominal 258kbps 30m Optional 10.7Mbps 10m 1 symbol for 10.7Mbps mode (optional) 2.5ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF=32MHz (Data Rate depends on Spread Factor:124 for 258kbps, 3 for 10.7Mbps) • Hardware specifications: • Crystal =± 40ppm • ADC=32Msps, 4bits (Including Location Awareness) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  13. Scalability with spread factor PRF=32MHz Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  14. Link Budget Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  15. Transceiver Architecture Transmitter Modulation & Spreading PA Data Pulse Generator Antenna Digital PHY ANT. Switch Analog RF MAC BPF I ADC LPF Digital Block LNA Xtal Data • Matched Filter • Signal Acquisition • Tracking • Ranging • etc. 0/90 PLL 40ppm 4.1GHz Receiver ADC LPF <100kgates 32MHz, 4bits Q Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  16. Modulation and Spreading Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  17. Modulation and Spreading Differential Coding Spreading Spreading DATA PG D Spread Sequence 1 Spread Sequence 2 Spread Sequence 1 Spread Sequence 2 Nominal Data Rate 258kbps Spread Factor =124 :Spread Sequence (4, 31) Optional Data Rate 10.7Mbps Spread Factor= 3 :Spread Sequence (1, 3 ) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  18. Multiple Access Multiple access : CDMA • Each Piconet has its own sequence (One sequence / Piconet) • 31 chip M-sequencehas 6 nearly orthogonal sequences. Auto Correlation Cross Correlation Cross Correlation Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  19. Frame Format 2 1 0/4/8 n 2 Octets: Data Payload MAC Sublayer Frame Cont. Seq. # Address CRC MHR MSDU MFR Data: 32 (n=23) For ACK: 5 (n=0) 20 1 1 Octets: PHY Layer Frame Length Preamble SFD MPDU SHR PHR PSDU PPDU Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  20. System Throughput Acknowledged transmission 22 5 22 32 22 32 HDR PSDU HDR HDR PSDU … DATA Frame 1 ACK DATA Frame 2 tLIFS tACK Time for transmission Nominal mode (X0 = 258 kbps)  Throughput: 100 kbps Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  21. 2. Signal Robustness • Multipath Immunity • Simultaneously Operating Piconets-Coexistence Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  22. System Performance in AWGN Crystal Accuracy -40ppm worst 0ppm ideal 40ppm worst 40ppm ideal PER -40ppm ideal AWGN channel Eb/N0 (dB) PSDU: 32Bytes Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  23. System Performance Preliminary evaluations CM1: Indoor Residential (LOS), CM5: Outdoor (LOS) Results obtained using 4a channel model (doc #04/581r7). Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  24. Coexistence The band allocation of 3.1-5.1GHz allows the coexistence with Wireless LANs & PANs (802.11a/b/g and 802.15.1/3/4) UNII notch for “desired criteria” coexistence -40 Meet the Desired Criteria in the 15.3a (Interferer at 0.3m) -50 -60 EIRP (dBm/MHz) -70 BPF: Rejection=30dB (@2.4GHz and 5GHz) Low Band (3.1-5.1GHz) High Band (6-10GHz) -80 -90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Frequency (GHz) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  25. 3. Technical Feasibility • Transceiver Architecture • Synchronization • -Complexity • -Evaluation by a Test Bed Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  26. Transceiver Architecture Example: Transmitter Modulation & Spreading PA Data Pulse Generator Antenna Digital PHY ANT. Switch Analog RF MAC BPF Rejection=30dB @2.4GHz&5GHz I ADC LPF Digital Block LNA Xtal Data • Matched Filter • Signal Acquisition • Tracking • Ranging • etc. 0/90 PLL 40ppm 4.1GHz Receiver ADC LPF <100kgates Q 32MHz, 4bits Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  27. Synchronization • Two Step Synchronization: • Pulse Correlation: Sliding Correlation • Code Correlation: Digital Matched Filter Example: Digital Domain Pulse Correlator Analog Domain Code Correlator CORR Detector MF ADC × Threshold Detector ABS CORR + MF × ADC ABS 90 Template Generator LO Timing Control ～ Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  28. d Acquisition Two Step Synchronization 2.5ns Rx Signal Tw=31.3ns d=0.5ns Template Sliding correlation for pulse synchronization Symbol: Ts Received Signal Template Wavelet Pulse sync. Tw No pulse sync. Sampled data Sampling Timing Output Of MF Time Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  29. Unit Manufacturing Complexity Preliminary Evaluation External Components Size* • Crystal =± 40ppm • BPF • (Rejection=30dB@2.4GHz&5GHz) • Antenna • -Ceramic Antenna • -Pattern Antenna Analog RF ** 12 mm2 Digital PHY *** 100 kgates Base Band 1 kgates Ranging *0.18mm Standard CMOS Process ** Analog RF : LNA, Mixer, PLL, ADC (Slide 26) *** Base Band : Acquisition, Tracking etc. (Slide 26) Ranging : 1GHz Counter (Slide 37). Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  30. Manufacturability & Technical Feasibility Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  31. Feasibility Study by the Test Bed -Send 1000 Pseudo random packets through the variable attenuator (Variable attenuator represents Propagation Loss) -Measure the PER PER<1% for 258kbps at 30m and 10.7Mbps at 10m 1000 Pseudo Random Packets HDR PSDU PER Measurement 32 22 Variable ATT. Tx Rx Propagation Loss Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  32. Location Awareness Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  33. Location Awareness • Trilaterationfor Location Awareness • - 3 Known-position Nodes (+1 sync. node) • - Synchronization by a beacon or a sync. node • - TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival)based • High Location Accuracy : • AWGN: 30cm @30m Range • Indoor Residential：　xcm @ym Range Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  34. Active-TDOA FFD (Anchor) • One-way Ranging  Can relax the RFD specifications  High Accuracy for mobile node location • Synchronization Easier Sync.than TOA/OWR • Accuracy Accuracy depends only on the clock at the FFD (Cf. TOA/TWR: Error will be sum up in two nodes) • Transmit Only Will not waste the power for the signal reception RFD Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  35. TDOA (t2-T2) TDOA (t3-T3) T3 t2 T2 t3 “Calculation of the Node Location based on the TDOAs and the Reference Locations” TDOA (t1-T1) T1 Time of Arrival: t1 System Configuration ---Synchronization by a node-- -Expand the Range -Asynchronous Anchors Wireless/Wired Network Monitor Terminal Anchor Node 2 Server & Data Base Anchor Node 3 For Sync. Node System Configuration for 2D location measurements Anchor Node 1 Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  36. TDOA Based Measuring ---Synchronization by a node-- Signal from a node whose position is known Signal from a node for location Anchor 1 Anchors are not synchronized Anchor 2 time Anchor 1 Temporary synchronization Anchor 2 time Reference time Anchor 1 Measure the time difference of arrival Anchor 2 time The Location is calculated by the Time Difference those Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  37. Receiver Architecture • Count the time difference of arrival by the Counter • The Counter and Memory are the additional circuits to the Rx • (Gate size: About 1kgates) Receiver Detection Demod. Sync. Timing Counter Counter Memory Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  38. Parameters for Simulations ADC : 32Msps Counter clock :1GHz Packet Format:same packet as data transmission Spread factor :31 Number of trial :100 for each distance Channel Model : Indoor Residential LOS (CM1) Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  39. Summary • DS-UWB IR is Simple, Scalable and Reliable • 258kbps at 30m (Nominal), 10.7Mbps at 10m (Optional) • Location Awareness: • 30cm in 30m region (AWGN) • In a regular packet transmission, with one additional counter. • Proposed DS-UWB IR • - fc=4.1GHz, BW=1.4GHz at Low Band (3.1-5.1GHz) • - 2.5ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 32MHz • - DBPSK Modulation • - TDOA for Location Awareness Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

  40. Conclusion Hitachi DS-UWB IR System • Still have evaluations to do… • Can show the feasibility in March by the Test Bed and TEG chip - Scalable data rate up to 10.7Mbps at 10m - High Location Accuracyof~30cm in 30m range are the main differentiation from the 15.4 system Akira Maeki, Hitachi, Ltd.

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