Chapter 1: Measuring Populations

1. Chapter 1: Measuring Populations

2. So far..... World Population

4. Current Population Clock 21:00 UTC (EST+5) Sep 02, 2012 World 7,036,815,592 seven billion thirty-six million eight hundred fifteen thousand five hundred ninety-two 17:53 UTC (EST+5) Sep 13, 2012 World 7,039,111,459 seven billion thirty-nine million one hundred eleven thousand four hundred fifty-nine

5. Future trends

6. v Population distribution? Population density? The average number of people living in a square kilometre of land How do you calculate population density?

7. Factors effecting population distribution and density • Physical and human factors affect where people live (distribution) and how many people live in a region (density).

8. Climate

9. Relief

10. Soils

11. Drainage

12. Resources

13. 5. Resources: Areas with many resources (e.g. Europe) tend to have higher population densities than areas with few resources (e.g. Sahel of Africa). Regions with mineral deposits or energy supplies attract industry

14. Mineral deposits have often led to the distribution of people to unfavourable regions. For example, settlements in desert regions in central Australia only exist because of gold mines. Large settlements can also be found in northern Sweden where iron ore.

15. Human factors.... • Government • Socio-economic • Historic

16. 6. Government • Stable political systems(e.g.Europe) -Tend to have high populations -Democratic Governments offering peace, justice and good services • Unstable political systems(e.g.Afghanistan) -Tend to have low populations -They experience political conflict which causes emigration

17. Government policy can also have an impact on population distribution. For example, the settlement of the Amazonian rainforest in Brazil

18. This settlement is due to: • The construction of the capital city Brasilia

19. (B) Government resettlement schemes enticing people to this previously sparsely populated region

21. 7. Socio-economic • Areas experiencing economic growth have high population densities as they offer jobs and business opportunities • People flock to these regions. This trend can alter the population distribution. As people move to an economic core region (e.g. Greater Dublin Area) it’s population grows but the donor region’s population lowers (e.g. Poorer rural peripheral regions in the west).

22. Religious factors have an affect on population distributions: -The Mormons in the USA tend to settle in Utah to be close to others practising the same faith. -The Amish community in Pennsylvania, USA tend to live in more isolated areas.

23. 8. Historic: Events in history have shaped the distribution patterns of people across the world:

24. Conquest and colonisation of the Americas in the 1500’s resulted in mass European migration to the sparsely populated North and South Americas • The Plantation brought Scottish and Welsh people to Ireland • The Great Famine forced a great number of Irish to emigrate to the USA and Britain

25. Exemplar Exam questions... • Regions can be defined by many factors i.e. Economic, Human and Physical Explain how any one of the above factors has defined an Irish Region studied by you. • Describe and explain, using examples which you have studied, the difference between the terms population density and population distribution

26. Factors Affecting Population Distribution and Density

27. Population Growth Key terms: • Birth Rates: The number of live births per thousand of a population • Death Rates/ Mortality Rates: The number of deaths per thousand of a population • Natural Increase: The difference between birth rates and death rates. Birth rates are higher than death rates • Natural Decrease: Death rates are higher than birth rates

28. Factors influencing death rates and birth rates • Social, Cultural and Economic factors influence birth rates and death rates

29. Education and status of women • Standard of living • Government policy • Religion Society and customs