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Shine Bright Like a Diamond

Shine Bright Like a Diamond. Most diamonds are clear and colorless. What causes the distinct colors in these diamonds?. http://www.examiner.com/article/tiffany-new-collection-2010. http://www.longsjewelers.com/new/longs-signature-collection. http://www.wadlin.com/washington_d.htm.

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Shine Bright Like a Diamond

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  1. Shine Bright Like a Diamond Most diamonds are clear and colorless. What causes the distinct colors in these diamonds? http://www.examiner.com/article/tiffany-new-collection-2010 http://www.longsjewelers.com/new/longs-signature-collection http://www.wadlin.com/washington_d.htm http://www.kay.com/en/kaystore/chocolate-diamonds-ring-3-4-carat-tw-14k-honey-gold

  2. Shine Bright Like a Diamond http://www.examiner.com/article/tiffany-new-collection-2010 http://www.wadlin.com/washington_d.htm http://www.kay.com/en/kaystore/chocolate-diamonds-ring-3-4-carat-tw-14k-honey-gold

  3. Station 1: Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids Shade the PT on your answer sheet to show metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Include a key. http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/physical_metals.htm 2. Properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids differ and help tell them apart. Use the information at your table to define the terms below. A. Metals are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity, and have metallic luster. malleable: ductile: conductive: luster: B. Nonmetals tend to be dull, brittle, and non-conductors of heat and electricity. They are often called insulators. dull: brittle: non-conductive: insulator: C. Metalloids have properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals. They include the six elements along the stair-step line and are found in glass, poison, and used to make computer chips.

  4. Station 1A: Metals malleable: can be hammered into a sheet ductile: can be drawn into a wire http://www.webstaurantstore.com/18-x-1000-food-service-heavy-duty-aluminum-foil-roll/12218X1HD.html http://www.artglass1.com/fgchemicalsr.htm http://www.electricalwire.biz/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper conductive: can transfer heat and electricity well luster: shiny, reflective surface http://www.paksc.org/pk/science-experiments/chemistry-experiments/194-conductivity-tester-%7C-level-elementary-secondary http://maggiesscienceconnection.weebly.com/minerals.html http://www.grit.com/departments/seasoning-your-cast-iron-pan.aspx http://www.minerals.net/mineral_glossary/metallic_luster.aspx

  5. Station 1B: Nonmetals dull: not shiny brittle: can be broken easily http://www.energydigital.com/sectors/coal-power.html http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/molecule_gallery/element016_sulfur/00_sulfur.htm http://1p221scieportolio.blogspot.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittle_(food) insulator: material that does not let heat or electricity flow well non-conductive: does not conduct heat or electricity well http://www.paksc.org/pk/science-experiments/chemistry-experiments/194-conductivity-tester-%7C-level-elementary-secondary http://www.unisciencelab.com/unisciencelab/electricity/electrolysis.php?PHPSESSID=47111623d9387118ceb0bdd071fd308e http://www.zazzle.co.uk/i+love+science+mugs http://copper-wire-manufacturer.blogspot.com/2012_05_01_archive.html

  6. Station 2: Alkali, Alkaline Earth, and Transition Metals Shade the PT on your answer sheet to show Alkali, Alkaline Earth, and Transition metals. Include a key. Alkalline Earth metals Alkali metals Transition metals Properties differ for metals in group 1, 2, and 3-12 and are useful for classifying these elements. In the Explore lab you saw some properties of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals. Transition metals are ones you normally think of as metals used in coins and jewelry, car frames, paperclips, etc. Match the terms below to either “Alkali”, “Alkaline Earth”, or “Transition” metals based on their properties. Some terms may apply to more than one category. Explode with water Reactive with water Does not react quickly with water Can be cut with a knife Hard metal, such as a knife Metal can be bent with hands Pure element not found in nature; too reactive Pure element found in nature Conduct heat and electricity well Has to be stored under oil Elements are less dense than water Elements are more dense than water

  7. Station 3: Halogens and Noble Gases Shade the PT on your answer sheet to show Halogens and Noble Gases. Include a key. Noble Gases Halogens Properties differ between non-metals depending on their group, especially in the halogens and noble gases. Use the information at your table to match the terms below to “Halogens” or “Noble Gases”. Some of the terms may be used more than once. nonmetals unreactive highly reactive towards metals monatomic diatomic stable elements exist uncombined in nature found in compounds in nature all gases at room temperature solids, liquids & gases at room temp have a full valence shell of 8 electrons valence shell has 7 electrons

  8. Station 3 Information: Halogens & Noble Gases http://www.tulane.edu/~bmitche/book/structrj.html http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/physical_metals.htm http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/241f08/Lec-note/Organic.htm Monatomic Diatomic http://www.idleanalytics.com/2012/03/12/thermo-for-normals-part-11-storing-heat/ He Ne Ar Kr http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/1790?e=averill_1.0-ch02_s01 Examples in Nature: NaCl He MgBr2Ar CaCl2 Ne KClRn Compounds that Could be Found in Seawater: NaClKCl CaBr2 MgCl2KBrNaBr CaCl2 MgBr2

  9. Station 4: Dots and Blocks on Periodic Table 1. Write the Lewis valence electron dot structures for: A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Sulfur D. Oxygen E. Argon F. Xenon s block p block d block Copy the PT below. For each main group (s and p block) element shown, write its Lewis Dot structure. f block What similarities do you notice between the Lewis dot structures for these pairs of elements from #1? A. Na and K B. S and O C. Ar and Xe He H Ne C O F B N Li Be What general rule can you make relating group number and valence electrons for main group elements? P S Cl Ar Si Na Mg Al

  10. Station 5: Valency Valency refers to the maximum number of atoms a given element could combine with to form a substance. For example, look at the structure of water. The Oxygen atom bonds with two other atoms, and the Hydrogen atoms each bond with only one other atom. This is why Oxygen has a valency of 2, and Hydrogen has a valency of 1. The ratio for water is 1 Oxygen (valency of 2): 2 Hydrogen (valency of 1) Using the valency information for the elements above, what pattern do you notice as you go from left to right across a period? Why are the Noble Gases (He and Ne) given a valency of zero? What is the mathematical relationship in the valency ratio of water? On your paper write the valency ratios for these compounds and whether you think they exist according to their ratio. A. LiF D. CH4 B. BeF2 E. BeC C. LiNe F. Be3N2

  11. Station 6: Organic Elements Percentage of Elements in the Air In Biology, some key elements are used by all living systems: C, H, O, N, P, S. These are called organic elements because they are found in living (organic) systems. http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/212/Common-Elements.html Percentage of Elements in the http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c_pre_2011/atmosphere/chemicalsairrev1.shtml http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/physical_metals.htm • What kind of elements are organic elements? • Why does the universe contain so much hydrogen and helium? • Are air and the universe “organic”? Why? • How are the elements found in the human body different than those in the air and universe? Looking at the percentage of elements in the air, what is one reason it took so long for scientists to find Noble Gases (Group 18)? 6. What element is the same between all three graphics? Why do you think it was shown in each? http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/illustrations/supernova.html

  12. Elaborate: Group 1 Based on your observations about Alkali metals, • What properties of Alkali metals are observed? • What trend is observed as samples are tested with water? • Why weren’t hydrogen and francium tested? Alkali Metals with Water

  13. Elaborate: Group 17 • What are physical properties used to tell the halogens apart? • How well did the halogens react with aluminum? Which halogen reacted fastest? • Which halogen tested required the least energy added to react with iron wool? • What would you expect for the reaction of iron wool and fluorine? • What does being diatomic tell you about the reactivity of halogens? • Which halogen was not tested? Why?

  14. Elaborate: Groups 1 & 17 • What would you expect to happen if an Alkali metal and a halogen were reacted with each other? • On a scale of 1 to 10 (with 1 being harmless) how harmful would you expect the product to be? • How close was your prediction about the danger of sodium chloride? Why? Alkali + Halogen

  15. Elaborate: Group 18 Note: In the video “Group 0” is an old name for Group 18. • Why are the noble gases un-reactive? • If all neon signs were made of pure neon gas, what colors would we have? • What are uses for noble gases other than in neon lights? • How can a physical property be used to tell the difference between noble gases? • Radon was not tested. Predict what a balloon filled with Radon would do when dropped from the roof and why. Noble Gases

  16. Summary of Groups, Props. & Electrons • What is the relationship between electron configuration and group number on the periodic table? • Why are halogens and alkali metals highly reactive, but not the noble gases? NOVA Video

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