U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science

1. U.S. Department of Energy’sOffice of Science Fusion Energy Sciences Program Fusion Power Associates Annual Meeting Dr. N. Anne Davies Associate Director for Fusion Energy Sciences October 12, 2005 www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov

2. ITER has a site…Cadarache, France June 28, 2005 Ministerial Level Meeting Moscow, Russia ITER Tore Supra

3. ITER Provisional List of U.S. “in-kind” Contributions: • 4 of 7 Central Solenoid Modules • Steady-state power supplies • 15% of port-based diagnostics packages • 44% of ICRH antenna, and all transmission lines, RF-sources and power supplies • Start-up gyrotrons, all transmission lines and power supplies • 10% of Blanket/Shield • Roughing pumps, standard components • Tokamak exhaust processing system • Cooling for divertor, vacuum vessel… • Pellet injector scale • 500 MW fusion output • Plasma duration of 400-3000 seconds per pulse • Power gain of 10 • Capability to upgrade to breed tritium

4. ITER Progress in FY2005 • ITER site selection decision of Cadarache, France, was made by the six ITER parties on June 28, 2005 in Moscow, Russia • Negotiations are currently under way to complete the text of the international ITER Agreement by December 2005 and seek initialed acceptance of the Governments by March 2006 • Recent six-party meeting held in Cadrache; four more scheduled between now and January 2006 to accomplish both tasks • For U.S. Contributions to ITER project, CD-0 was approved by Deputy Secretary in July 2005; CD-1 and CD-2 are scheduled for September 2006 and August 2007 • During the CR, ITER Preparations will continue; after the CR, U.S. contributions to ITER project will begin • The U.S. ITER Project Office, a partnership of PPPL and ORNL, is preparing for the formal project start with significant support of the fusion community • An expression of interest solicitation resulted in over 250 proposals for US ITER Project Office roles such as Chief Scientist, Chief Technologist, Procurement Team Leaders, etc.

5. U.S. Burning Plasma Organization • Established June 2005 to coordinate and advocate technical work in burning plasma science, emphasizing support of participation in ITER • Ray Fonck, University of Wisconsin, is the Director • Is an integral part of domestic and international fusion activities • BPO Steering Committee includes broad university and laboratory participation • Workshop in December will seek community input on research plans, priorities, and community coordination of burning plasma science and technology activities, specifically activities for support of ITER

6. The six ITER Parties are members of ITPA: Started in September 01 – a continuation of ITER Physics Groups ~ 250 international scientists in seven Topical Physics Groups, guided by a Coordinating Committee (chaired by Dr. Ron Stambaugh, DIII-D) Hold workshops, computer simulations, maintain databases Identify high priority burning Plasma issues for ITER and plan joint experiments, implemented through IEA Update Tokamak (ITER) Physics Basis, published in Nuclear Fusion in 1999 – a scientific analysis of ITER design Further details on ITPA on the FESAC web-page http://www.ofes.fusion.doe.gov/more_html/FESAC04-05/Stambaugh.pdf The International Tokamak Physics ActivityProvides Collaborations on Burning Plasmas

7. Fusion Energy Sciences Budget ($ in Millions) FY 2005 September Fin Plan FY 2006 Congressional General Plasma Science $13.9 General Plasma Science $12.2 Other* $13.5 Other* $15.5 Tokamak $81.6 ITER $5.4 Tokamak $86.8 Theory & SciDAC $29.8 ITER $55.5 Enabling R&D $28.7 Theory & SciDAC $28.9 NSTX $30.7 HEDP $14.6 NSTX $34.5 Enabling R&D 16.8 NCSX $16.6 Other Alts $28.1 IFE/HEDP $8.1 Other Alts $25.0 NCSX $18.3 Alternates 95.5 Alternates $80.4 $273.9 M $290.6 M *SBIR/STTR GPP/GPE ORNL Move Reserve Environmental Monitoring 10/06/05

8. Nation needs to maintain a strong domestic program for training next generation of researchers Reduce ITER by $29.9 M from request and increase total to $296.2 M (+$5.6 M) Restore domestic program to FY 2005 level ($35.5 million) “…the Committee directs the Department to fund the US share of ITER through additional resources rather than through reductions to domestic fusion research or to other Office of Sciences programs. If the Department does not follow this guidance in its fiscal year 2007 budget submission, the Committee is prepared to eliminate all US funding for the ITER project in the future.” FY 2006 Fusion Budget House Mark Revised 07/21/05

9. FY 2006 House Appropriations Boehlert Amendment "None of the funds made available by this Act [the FY 2006 Energy and Water Development Appropriations bill] may be used before March 1, 2006, to enter into an agreement obligating the United States to contribute funds to ITER, the international burning plasma fusion research project in which the President announced United States participation on January 30, 2003."

10. Reduce ITER by $28 M due to lack of site. If a site is selected, the Committee will work with DOE to provide an allocation consistent with project needs. Provide full operations (DIII-D: 14 weeks; C-Mod & NSTX: 25 weeks each) and research at the three major facilities Provide $1.0 million in the High Energy Density Physics budget for research at the Atlas pulsed power facility (Nevada Test Site) www.nv.doe.gov/library/fact/sheets/DOENV_1018.pdf FY 2006 Fusion Budget Senate Mark Revised 07/21/05

11. FY 2006 Senate Appropriations Domenici Amendment This amendment to the SEWD bill was accepted on the floor of the Senate. Provided further, That the Committee directs the Government Accountability Office to undertake a study of the Office of Science Fusion Energy program in order to define the roles of the major domestic facilities, DIIID, Alcator C-Mod, and NSTX in the support of the ITER Program, including making recommendations that may include the possible shutdown or consolidation of operations or focus of these facilities to maximize their value to the ITER program; Provided further, That given the major international commitment to ITER and the tokamak concept, the GAO shall consider any other magnetic fusion confinement system as a possible fusion demonstration facility that will follow ITER and given the major NNSA investment in the physics of Inertial Confinement Fusion, the GAO shall evaluate the opportunities for the Office of Science to develop the appropriate science and technology to better leverage the NNSA investment and develop Inertial Fusion Energy as an alternative to the tokamak concept.

12. Progress in Magnetic Fusion Researchand Next Step to ITER A Big Next Step to ITER Plasma Parameters Power (MW) Duration (Seconds) Power Gain (Output/Input) TFTR/JET ITER Operation with full power test Fusion Power 1,000 Start of ITER Operations 100 JET (EU) ITER (Multilateral) Megawatts 10 Data from Tokamak Experiments Worldwide TFTR (U.S.) 1,000 100 Kilowatts 10 1,000 100 Watts 10 1,000 100 Milliwatts 10 2025 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015 Years