1 / 76

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY. Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D Department of Pharmaceutics KLE University College of Pharmacy BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India Cell No: 00919742431000 E-mail : nanjwadebk@gmail.com. 24 August 2012. KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani. 1.

proberta
Download Presentation

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D Department of Pharmaceutics KLE University College of Pharmacy BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India Cell No: 00919742431000 E-mail : nanjwadebk@gmail.com 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 1

  2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Types of hazards • Recommendations and Suggestions • Industrial effluent testing and treatment • Discussion on industrial accident case studies • Questions • References 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 2

  3. INTRODUCTION Industrial hazards: It can be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personal or loss of product or property. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 3

  4. Physical Pollution Chemical HAZARDS Electrical Biological Mechanical 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 4

  5. Heat & Cold Physical Hazards 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 5

  6. Heat and Cold Foot sore Burns Immersion foot Heat stroke Frost bite Heat cramps Preventive Measures A reasonable temp. of 20-250C must be maintained 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 6

  7. Heat and Cold Physical Hazards Noise 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 7

  8. Noise have two type of effects  Auditory Non auditory effects  Preventive measures a. At source: • Source of noise can be enclosed with an insulation material or concrete wall. • Proper maintenance of machinery b. By distance c. Personal protection against noise.  24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 8

  9. Equipment noise sources ,level & potential control solutions Equipment Sound level in dBA at 3 feet 87-94 Possible noise control treatments Aerodynamic fun blades,↓ revolutions/min ↑ pitch,↓ pressure drop Install mufflers on intake,& exhaust, enclosure the machine with casing, vibration isolation & lagging of piping system Acoustically lined fun covers, enclosure 7 motor mutes Air coolers Compressors 90-120 Electric motors 90-110 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 9

  10. Equipment noise sources ,level & potential control solutions Heater & furnaces 95-110 Acoustic plenums, intake mufflers, lined & damped ducts Valves <80-108 Avoid sonic velocities, limit pressure drop & mass flow, replace with special low noise valves Piping 9-105 Inline silencers, vibration isolation 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 10

  11. Heat & Cold Physical hazards Radiation Noise 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 11

  12. Radiation Radiation are divided into two groups Natural Man made Cosmic rays Medical /dental x-rays isotopes Environmental (radioactive elements e.g. uranium) Occupational exposure Internal (potassium,) Nuclear radioactive fallout Approx 0.1 rad/yr Miscellaneous Use of radio active substances by different industries 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 12

  13. Effect of hazards  Somatic Genetic Preventive measures Radiation source should be housed in a building that shields any surrounding area. iii. Radiation badges should be worn. iv. Periodical medical examination. v. Proper use of lead shields & lead rubber aprons.  i. ii. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 13

  14. Heat & Cold Physical Hazards Fire & Explosion Noise Radiation 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 14

  15. Fire & explosion hazards Causes Smoking in the factory Defective heating equipment, electrical equipment & wiring. Explosive gas leakage. Inadequate protection of electric motors Sparking of electric wires & equipment Protection & prevention Types of fire 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 15

  16. Fire & explosion hazards Preventive measures • Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing areas. • Oxygen present in the inflammable atmosphere may be ↓by dilution with gases such as nitrogen, co2,steam or combination of these. • Hazardous operation should be isolated • Eliminating the ignition sources • Using fire resistant material in construction • Suitable emergency exits • Adequate venting 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 16

  17. Fire & explosion hazards • Automatic sprinklers • Equipment should design to meet the specifications & code of recognized authorities, such as ISA, API &ASME • The design & construction of pressure vessels & storage tanks should followAPI &ASME codes. • Inspection 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 17

  18. Inhalation Local – Dermatitis – Gas Poisoning – Eczema – Ulcers – Cancer Chemical Hazards Ingestion Living tissue may be destroyed by chemical reactions such as Dehydration Digestion Oxidation 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 18

  19. Source, effect & precautions of chemical hazards Type/ source of chemical contaminant Effect/ organ affected Precautions to be taken Acridines, phenothiazines Dermatitis Cleanliness, removal of people from the areas as soon as first sign of skin reaction is observed. Solvents like chloroform, benzene Vegetable drugs like capsicum & podophyllum Handle with care Dust evolves, affects eye Goggles are to be worn Long term use of filter without cleaning Dust explosion Regular cleaning 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 19

  20. Source, effect & precautions of chemical hazards Improper use of cleaning agents contamination Follow established cleaning procedures Working with radio pharmaceuticals Hazards due to emitted radiation Wearing lead coat, maintaining pressure of working area slightly less than atmospheric pressure Underground tanks Difficulty in monitoring interior & exterior Minimal use of underground tanks 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 20

  21. PREVENTIVE MEASURES • Tolerance levels for toxic chemicals set by federal regulations have to be followed. • Strict regulations observation of operations of all safety 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 21

  22. Biological hazards • Disease due to biological hazards  Brucellosis (dairy industry)  Byssinosis (textile industry)  Bagassosis (sugar-cane)  Loco motor disorder • Preventive measures Periodic health check up Personal protection The manufacturer should also provide First aid facilities Initial examination Facility for vaccination Routine sanitation programme 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 22

  23. Mechanical hazards • Accidents usually take place by the combination of unsafe condition & carelessness. • Most of industrial accidents are due to  Faulty inspection  Inability of employee  Poor discipline  Lack of concentration  Unsafe practice  Mental & physical unfitness for job  Faulty equipment or improper working condition  Improper training regarding the safety aspects 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 23

  24. Mechanical hazards •In order to prevent mechanical accidents factories act lay down certain requirements For cranes End buffers Indicating lamps Signals Proof loading upto20 tons 25% in excess 20 to 50 tons 5 tons in excess above 50 tons 10% in excess 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 24

  25. Mechanical hazards Building planning Preventive measures 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 25

  26. Building planning • Floors must be of unskid/non-slippery type. • Enough space for employees to work. • Passages between working places. • Proper arrangements of temperature control; like fans, A.C., heaters. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 26

  27. Building planning Building planning Preventive measures Safe material handling 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 27

  28. Safe material handling • Careless handling of heavy materials and components should be avoided. • Full use of mechanical material handling equipment. • All material handling equipments should be repaired and maintained properly. • Containers employed to transport liquids should not be defective or leaking. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 28

  29. Personal protective devices • Protection of head by using hard hats/helmets. • Protection of ears by using earmufffs and plugs. • Protection of face by using face marks, face shields. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 29

  30. Electrical hazards • Shocks • Sparking • Fire • Wiring faults Preventive measures  Proper maintenance of wiring & equipment  High voltage equipment should be properly enclosed  Good house keeping  Water should not be used for dousing electric fire  Worker should avoid working in electric circuits or equipment in wet clothing or shoes. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 30

  31. Pollution hazards Types Air pollution Water pollution Thermal pollution Sound pollution • a. b. c. d. Air pollution Sources Automobiles Industries Domestic •    24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 31

  32. Preventive measures i. Those suitable for removing particulate matter a. Ventilation  Exhaust ventilation  Plenum ventilation b. Air purifying equipment Those associated with removing gaseous pollutants Water pollution 1. Types of water pollutants  Physical  Chemical  Physiological  Biological 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani ii. 32

  33. Preventive measures 2. 3. a. i.   ii. iii. Biological treatment b. Treatment of industrial waste Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment Problems of water pollution Preventive measure Control of water pollution Physical treatment Storage Filtration Chemical treatment 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 33

  34. Preventive measures c. •  Thermal pollution Effects Damage to aquatic environment Reduction in assimilative capacity of organic waste  Various off stream cooling systems Wet cooling towers Dry cooling towers • i. ii. iii. Cooling ponds iv. Spray ponds 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 34

  35. Recommendations & suggestions Proper treatment & disposal methods for effluents should be adopted An awareness program Measures for increase efficiency of the water use 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 35

  36. Classification of signs according to use – (1) Danger signs. The DANGER header is used when there is a hazardous situation which has a high probability of death or severe injury. It should not be considered for property damage unless personal injury risk is present. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 36

  37. 2) Caution signs. (i) The CAUTION header is used to indicate a hazardous situation which may result in minor or moderate injury. However, Caution should not be used when there is a possibility of death or serious injury. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 37

  38. (3) Safety instruction signs General Safety Signs (SAFETY FIRST, BE CAREFUL, THINK) should indicate general instructions relative to reminders of proper safety procedures, and the location of safety equipment. safe work practices, 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 38

  39. (4) Biological hazard signs. The biological hazard warning shall be used to signify the actual or potential presence of a biohazard and to identify equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental combinations thereof, which contaminated with, viable hazardous agents. animals, or are contain, or 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 39

  40. Pictograph Pictograph means a pictorial representation used to identify a hazardous condition or to convey a safety instruction 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 40

  41. Signal Word Signal word means that portion of a tag's inscription that contains the word or words that are intended to capture the employee's immediate attention. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 41

  42. Tag Tag means a device usually made of card, paper, pasteboard, plastic or other material used to identify a hazardous condition. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 42

  43. Danger Tags Danger tags shall be used in major hazard situations where an immediate hazard presents a threat of death or serious injury to employees. Danger tags shall be used only in these situations. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 43

  44. Caution Tags Caution tags shall be used in minor hazard situations where a non-immediate or potential hazard or unsafe practice presents a lesser threat of employee injury. Caution tags shall be used only in these situations. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 44

  45. Warning Tags Warning tags may be used to represent a hazard level between "Caution" and "Danger," instead of the required "Caution" tag, provided that they have a signal word of "Warning," an appropriate major message 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 45

  46. Biological Hazard Tags The symbol design for biological hazard tags shall conform to the design shown below: 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 46

  47. Color Coding-Danger Tag "DANGER" -- Red, or predominantly red, with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 47

  48. Color Coding-Caution Tag "CAUTION" -- Yellow, or predominantly yellow, with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 48

  49. Color Coding-Warning Tag "WARNING" -- Orange, or predominantly orange, with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 49

  50. Biological Hazard Tag BIOLOGICAL HAZARD -- Fluorescent orange or orange-red, or predominantly so, with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color. 24 August 2012 KLE College of Pharmacy, Nipani 50

More Related