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Introduction:

Introduction:.

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Introduction:

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  1. Introduction: Teaching is a continuum from conditioning to indoctrination. It is organized from memory level to reflective level. One teaching is confined upto memory level even at college and university level. At the most teaching can be organized at but understanding level, instructional situations should be organized in such a way so that teaching may be done at reflective level. Teaching is a continuum from conditioning to indoctrination. It is organized from memory level to reflective level. One teaching is confined upto memory level even at college and university level. At the most teaching can be organized at but understanding level, instructional situations should be organized in such a way so that teaching may be done at reflective level.

  2. Meaning: A seminar as an instructional technique involves generating a situation for a group to have guided interaction among themselves on a theme which is generally presented to the group by one or more members.

  3. Definition: “Seminar is an instructional technique of higher learning which involves paper reading on a theme and followed by the group discussion to clarify the complex aspects of the theme".

  4. Objectives of Seminar Technique: Cognitive Objectives: • To develop the higher cognitive abilities: analysis, synthesis and evaluation as compared to the situations involving human interaction. • To develop the ability of responding in this manner would involve higher cognitive actions: valuing, organizing and characterization of quick comprehension of the situation, examination of it against the knowledge he possesses and construction of his reactions to the situation. • To develop the ability of keen observation experiences, feelings and to present them effectively. • To develop the ability to seek clarification and defend the ideas of others effectively.

  5. Affective Objectives: • To develop the feeling to tolerance the opposite ideas of others. • To develop the feelings of cooperation with other colleagues and respect of the ideas and feelings of others. • To develop the emotional stability among the participants of the seminar. • To acquire the good manners of putting questions and answering the questions of others effectively.

  6. Roles of Seminar Techniques: In organizing a seminar the following roles are performed. • Organizer or Instructor. • President or chairman or convener of the seminar. • Speaker of the day. • Participants. • Observers.

  7. Role of Organizer: It is the responsibility of an organizer to plan and prepare the whole program of the seminar. He decides the topic or theme of the seminar and assigns the different aspects of theme to different persons who have to play the role of speakers. The date, time and place are decide by him. Generally, he also suggests the name of convener of the seminar. He prepares total schedule of the seminar.

  8. Role of Speaker: The organizer assigns the topic to the speaker. They prepare the topic thoroughly and Xerox copies of the papers are prepared and these are distributed among the participants before the commencement of the seminar, so that the participants should also prepare themselves on the theme. It encourages the discussion to last long. The speaker should be ready to defend the questions. The speaker should have the tolerance of anti ideas or criticism of others.

  9. Role of participants The participants of the seminar should be well acquainted with the theme. They should appreciate the performance of the speaker. They should be able to seek clarification and put questions. They should place their own ideas regarding, The theme on the basis of their experiences. They should address the president for seeking clarification. They should not put question directly to the speaker. There are 25 to 40 participants in the seminar.

  10. Role of Observer Some guests and observer are also invited and allowed to observe the activities of the seminar. Generally, they are not permitted to participate in the discussion. They should be allowed at the end to discussion and present their observations by permission of the chairman.

  11. After the theme is presented, it is discussed by the group. During discussion participants may: • Seek clarification of the theme presented. • Make observations in the light of their knowledge and experience regarding the theme and • Raise issues relating to the theme for further analysis and evaluation.

  12. Procedure of the Seminar Seminar as an instructional technique involves creating a situation for a group to have guided interaction among themselves on a theme which is generally presented to the group by one or more members. The person who presents the theme should have studies the theme thoroughly before hand. This would mean selection of relevant material and its organization. Generally, this organized material put in the form of a paper which is circulated among members in advance. The paper helps structure the theme, facilitates its, communication, and focuses the scope of discussion.

  13. Proceeding of a seminar will be guided by a chairman who may be knowledgeable about the theme. The chairman's role would be to keep the discussion on track, stimulate maximum participation and consolidate at appropriate stages, the view points expressed.

  14. Seminar as an instructional, technique seek to provide maximally for interaction among the members. This means that sufficient time should be allowed for the discussion session. If this necessitates cutting down the time for presentation, it could be done since the main purpose of the presentation is to initiate the discussion.

  15. Advantages of a Seminar • Due to process stimulation of thinking brought about through interaction, different higher cognitive abilities like, analytical and critical thinking, synthesizing and evaluating the ideas will tend to be developed. • A part from these cognitive abilities certain effect attributes like tolerance for other's views openness to ideas cooperation with others, emotional stability and respect for others feelings will be inculcated among the participants during the course of such sessions. • These effects attribute represent the norms of behaviour for the group in seminar situations. Moreover, these norms are same as these of a democratic society.

  16. Concomitant effect of seminar as instructional technique will be the development of better learning habits. • Seminar has great instructional value as it makes the instruction learner-centre and provides for learning through enquiry which is based on a very natural characteristics of inquisitiveness in humans. • It is mainly confined to higher education.

  17. Types of Seminar • Mini seminar – A seminar organized to discuss a topic in class is known as mini seminar. The purpose of the mini-seminar is to train the students for organizing the seminar and play different roles.

  18. Main Seminar: Such seminar are organized at departmental level or institutional level on a major theme. All the students and staff members take part in such seminars. These seminars are organized weekly or monthly in departments.

  19. National Seminar: A national seminar is organized by an association or organization at national level. The experts are invited on the theme of the seminar. The secretary of seminar prepares the schedule theme, time, dates days and venue. Generally NCERT organizes such seminars at national level, on the theme: Educational Technology, Population education, Trends of Education, Distance education, Non-Formal education, Quality control of education Research in India.

  20. International Seminars: Generally such seminars are organized by UNESCO and other international organization. The topic or theme of seminar is very broad. E.g.. Student's unrest or activism, Innovations in teacher- education and examination reforms.

  21. Limitations of Seminar Technique • A seminar cannot be organized on all the content of a subject matter. Some topics are highly structured a theme of a seminar should be such on which discussion may be held. • The technique cannot be used for all levels of education. • In a seminar, the discussion confines only few persons rather than whole group because, the person who speak too much dominate the discussion of seminar and do not provide opportunity to others. • During the discussion, group are formed in two ideas, anti-ideas and favorable ideas on theme. • As a result they try to win over each other. The purpose of seminar is not served. The Chairman should discourage this type of activities.

  22. Thanks

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