Understanding Relative Clauses: Definitions and Types in EFL Class

1. Chapter 28~29Relative Clauses • Hee Sun Chang • Rose Zhang

2. Setting • High school EFL class • Intermediate Level

3. Definition of Relative Clauses • A clause that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose) or a relative adverb (where, when, why). • Also known as an adjective clause.

4. Types of Relative Clauses • Restrictive Relative Clauses • Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses • Adverbial Relative Clauses

5. Restrictive Relative Clauses • Definition : A relative clause that helps to identify the referent of the word that it modifies. • -Head Noun : A word that is modified by a relative clause. • -Relative Pronoun: A pronoun that introduces a relative clause referring to some preceding head noun.

6. Relative Pronouns

7. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clauses: . The girl is my cousin . who The girl speaks English

8. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clauses: . I like the dog . which The dog runs very fast

9. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is the object of the relative clauses: . is my teacher The man . You met the man whom

10. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is the object of the relative clauses: I read the book . the book . You mentioned which

11. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is the objectof the preposition in the embedded sentence: I know the place . You spoke the place . about which

12. Forms of Restrictive Relative Clauses • Relative pronoun is head noun’s possession(s): is my teacher . The man You admire the man’s wife . whose

13. Rules for Restrictive Relative Clauses • Usage of relative pronoun “That”: • When head noun is modified by… • Superlative: best, happiest, biggest • Ordinal Numbers: first, second, third • Indefinite pronouns: anything, nobody, anyone • Qualifier: all, any, no 5. The last, the only, the same, the very • When head noun is… • NP with human and nonhumam: the city and the people • When a relative clause is used in Wh- question…

14. Rules for Restrictive Relative Clauses • Optional Deletion Rule: • 1. When relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause e.g. I read the book (which) you mentioned. • 2. When relative pronoun is combined with copula be. e.g. I liked the boy (who was) interested in English.

15. Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses • Definition : A relative clause that does not aid in the identification of the referent of its head noun, but only provides information about it

16. Forms of Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses • The climbers who reached the summit were exhausted. • Jason got off work early which was nice. • (For nonrestrictive relative clauses, you cannot use “that” as a relative pronoun.) , , ,

17. Comparison between Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses

18. First Activity!

19. Adverbial Relative Clauses • Definition : An adverb (where, when, how or why) that introduces a relative clause, also known as a relative adverb clause.

20. Forms for Adverbial Relative Clauses • prep.+ which (+place) where ( ) Sam knows the place . which . We are meeting at the place

21. Forms for Adverbial Relative Clauses • prep. + which (+time) when ( ) Sam knows the time . which . We are meeting at the time

22. Forms for Adverbial Relative Clauses • prep. + which (+reason) why ( ) Sam knows the reason . which . We are meeting for the reason

23. Forms for Adverbial Relative Clauses • prep.+ which (+manner/way) how Sam knows the way . which . We are talking in the way

24. Final Activity!

25. Questions