Contexts of development example

1. Contexts of developmentexample View the Breast Crawl video on Weebly under Videos

2. Contexts of development: Childbirth • What information does this scene provide about the contexts (cultural, socioeconomic, historical etc.) in which this birth is occurring? • What does this birth environment suggest about the future care and well-being of this child? • What does the “breast crawl” suggest about the child’s role in their development? Active/passive?

3. Roadmap

4. Roadmap

5. Roadmap

6. Introduction to Development • What is development? • Development-continuity and change in the body or behavior across time • Developmental psychology-the study of continuity and change in the body and/or behavior over time

7. Introduction to Development • What is development? • Development-continuity and change in the body or behavior across time • Developmental psychology-the study of continuity and change in the body and/or behavior over time

8. Developmental questions • What causes some children to be bullies? • Why do some children learn to read with little effort, but others require extensive help? • How and when do children learn to distinguish fantasy from reality? • In what ways is brain development affected by experience? • Can infants add and subtract? • Others? Your questions.

9. View D2L media clip on Erikson

10. Erikson Neo-Freudian Psychosocial theory More emphasis on cultural influences Children as active explorers

11. Erikson’s stages Trust vs. mistrust (birth-1 yr.) Autonomy vs. shame (1-3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11) Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (Early adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (Middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (Late adulthood)

12. Find or better yet, come up with your own example to illustrate each of Erikson’s stages! Trust vs. mistrust (birth-1 yr.) Autonomy vs. shame (1-3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11) Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (Early adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (Middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (Late adulthood)

13. View D2L media clip on Piaget

14. Piaget Greatest influence on modern study of development Children are explorers who actively construct knowledge of world Study using open-ended clinical interviews Four broad stages of development (assumed NO changes past adolescence!)

15. Important Piagetian concepts Scheme/a: organized pattern of though/action to explain experience (e.g., your idea of what going to a movie is like: arrive, buy tickets, sit down, etc.) Assimilation: interpretation using existing cognitive structures (e.g., You like Sara and think she’s nice. She hits your car, you assume it was an accident.) Accommodation: changing existing schemas to explain new experience (e.g., You hear a nasty rumor about Sara. You believe it and so you decide that she’s not a nice person and stop talking to her.)

16. Four stages of development Sensorimotor: infant sensation and movement to explore (birth-2 yrs.) Preoperational: symbolic, but illogical thinking based on early action patterns (2-7) Concrete-operational: more organized cognition and reasoning (7-11) Formal-operational: complex, abstract reasoning system (11 yrs.+)

17. View video clips of Piagetian task on Weebly under Videos

18. Piaget's Sensorimotor stage • 0-2 years • Object Permanence • The understanding that objects and persons continue to exist even when they cannot be seen (8-12 mos.) • A-not-B error, perseverance

20. Object permanence • Examples • Other Piagetian tasks

22. Teratogens • Environmental agent (drug, chemical, virus, other) • contributes to a birth defect/damage during prenatal development • 70-80% of cases the exact cause of birth defect or damage remains unknown

23. FAS/FAE

24. Teratogens: FAS/FAE Case of Iyal FAS is a permanent condition. It affects every aspect of an individual’s life and the lives of his or her family.

25. View Video clip of Iyal on FAS on Weebly under Videos

26. The Miracle of LifeView at least 2 sections of the NOVA Miracle of Life Video

27. The newborn • Reflexes: • Unlearned, organized, involuntary responses • Automatic in response to certain stimuli • In newborns, shortly thereafter • May even be well-practiced before birth!

28. Infant imitation: Imitate basic visual and auditory sensory input within a few hours E.g., facial expressions and movements

29. View video clips of newborn reflexes and imitation on Weebly under Videos

31. Time magazine cover • What are your reactions? • xxxxx

32. Formula costs • Do a brief Google or other search to determine to cost of infant formula for one year.

33. View the video clips on benefits of breastfeeding on Weebly under Videos • Next, view the video clip on the impact of breastfeeding in Ghana on Weebly under Videos

34. Benefits of breastfeeding • Baby • Mom • Economic • Example of Ghana

35. Right or wrong? • Heinz’s dilemma example • Review the video clip on Heinz’s dilemma on Weebly under Videos

38. Three stages • Pre-conventional (social norms) • Conventional (consequences) • Post-conventional (individual principles)

39. View the video clips on benefits of breastfeeding on Weebly under Videos

40. Marshmallow task • 2 years • Funny • Instant gratification • Oliver and Breanne

41. Normal Age-Related Changes in Cognition • View the xxxxxxxxxxxon D2L under Videos

42. Normal Age-Related Changes in Cognition