Knowing Ankle Sprains: For The Athlete

1. Knowing Ankle Sprains: For The Athlete Charles Caltagirone

2. Tibia Fibula Talus Ankle Boney Anatomy

3. Lateral View Medial View Ankle Soft Tissue Anatomy

4. Lateral (Inversion) Sprains • High (Syndesmosis) Sprains • Medial (Eversion) Sprains Different Kinds of Ankle Sprains

5. Grade I- minimal swelling, discoloration, instability, and minimal impaired gait. Only the anterior talofibular ligament is injured. • Grade II- moderate swelling, discoloration, instability, and moderate impaired gait. The anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are injured. • Grade III- Severe swelling, discoloration, instability, and inability to walk with proper gait. The anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligaments are injured. Different Grades of Ankle Sprains

6. That has to hurt!!! Lateral Ankle Sprain

7. Can happen in any sport • Commonly called “Rolling Ankle” • Usually effects the anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) • Can effect the Calcaneofibular ligament (CF) and Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTF) Anterior Talofibular Ligament Lateral Ankle Sprains Anatomy Posterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament

8. The foot is placed in forced inversion and plantar flexion • It can be from an unstable/irregular surface • Also caused by forced trauma Causes of Lateral Ankle Sprains

9. Swelling* • Pain* • Discoloration* • Redness • Warmth • Inability to walk • Ankle Instability *The most common symptoms Ouch!!! Symptoms

10. R.I.C.E- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation • Performing therapeutic exercises • Taping techniques • Ankle Braces This is called a closed basket weave Treatment

11. OH NOOO!!!!!! High Ankle Sprain

12. Occurs to syndesmosis joint • Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament (Anterior TibFib) • Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament (Posterior TibFib) High Ankle Sprain Anatomy The posterior TibFib ligament is not shown here, but it would be in the same spot just on the posterior aspect of the leg.

13. The foot is placed in extreme eversion and dorsal flexion • Oppositewhat a typical ankle sprain • Usually from landing on another players foot Causes of High Ankle Sprains

14. Pain on the syndesmosis joint • Swelling (over the joint)* • Discoloration* • Deformity • Redness • Inability to walk • Pain in eversion and dorsal flexion • *Most common symptoms Symptoms are at the syndesmosis joint. Symptoms

15. R.I.C.E. • Therapeutic exercises- differ from lateral ankle exercises because one wants to avoid eversion and dorsal flexion exercises. • Tape Application This is an example similar to a high ankle tape application. The purpose is to help the tibia and fibula stay together at the syndesmosis joint. Treatment

16. At least I caught the ball Medial (Eversion) Ankle Sprain

17. Posterior Tibiotalor Tibiocalcaneal Anterior Tibiotalor Tibionavicular Deltoid ligament Medial Ankle Sprain Anatomy

18. The foot is placed in extreme eversion • Usually occurs with a high ankle sprain • Generally more serious than a lateral ankle sprain Causes of Medial Ankle Sprains

19. Swelling* • Discoloration* • Pain* • Redness • Warmth • Inability to walk* • *Most common symptoms Notice the eversion of the ankle Symptoms

20. R.I.C.E. • Therapeutic exercise- Avoiding eversion exercises • This injury is usually serious and a tape application will not work Common exercises performed with therabands Treatment

21. Ankle sprains can range from not serious to very serious • They can also occur at different areas of the ankle depending on the mechanism • For non serious ankle sprains the individual can be taped and return to activity • For serious ankle sprains the individual may need surgery • They are very treatable and many athletes have come back to have excellent careers after • Here are some helpful links about ankle sprains: • Lateral ankleHigh ankleMedial ankle Conclusion