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Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions. Ch. 16. The Nature of Solutions. A solution is a homogeneous mix in a single physical state. i.e. coffee, Kool-aid, Jamba juice. Properties of Solutions. Particles in a soln are very small atoms, molecules, or ions

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Properties of Solutions

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  1. Properties of Solutions Ch. 16

  2. The Nature of Solutions • A solution is a homogeneous mix in a single physical state. i.e. coffee, Kool-aid, Jamba juice

  3. Properties of Solutions • Particles in a soln are very small atoms, molecules, or ions • Particles are evenly distributed and will not separate out

  4. ~Sol’n Vocab.~ • SOLUTE : substance that is being dissolved • SOLVENT : substance that does the dissolving • SOLUBLE : a substance that dissolves in another • INSOLUBLE : a substance that does not dissolve in another

  5. Solubility • Often expressed in grams of solute per 100g of solvent • Temp. affects solubility of liquids & solids • Both Temp. & Pressure affect the solubility of gases. • Likes dissolve likes (polar solvents dissolve polar solutes & nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. • There’s a boat load of solubility rules  You don’t need to know those now

  6. Types of Solutions • Solid : most common are alloys, which contain 2 or more metals. gold = Au + Cu • Gaseous : all mixtures of gasses. Air = O + N + Ar + Ne • Liquid : solute + solvent =liquids, but solute could be gas (ammonia) + liquid solvent (vinegar), + solid solute (sodium bicarbonate) = Windex

  7. Aqueous Solutions • All solutions with water as the solvent • ELECTROLYTE = a substance that dissolves in water to form a sol’n that conducts an electric current. NaCl • NON-ELECTROLYTE = a substance w/o charged particles. Kool-aid / sugar

  8. More Vocab. • MISCIBLE = liquids that can mix in any amount (alcohol + water) • IMMISCIBLE =liquids that cannot mix in any proportion (oil + water) • UNSATURATED = contains less solute than a particular solvent can hold • SATURATED = contains maximum amnt. of solute for a given amnt of solvent under existing conditions of T & P • SUPERSATURATED = contains more solute than can be dissolved for a particular solvent

  9. Saturated vs. Super Saturated Saturated Solution Super saturated • If you add spoonful after spoonful of sugar to your kool-aid, you will reach a point where the sugar will no longer dissolve. Sugar will still be visible in the bottom of your cup. • If you heat your cup of kool-aid, the visible sugar will dissolve and more sugar can be added. When your cup cools the sugar will remain your kool-aid solution.

  10. Questions • What are the 2 parts of a solution? • How would you describe a mixture of oil and water? • What properties affect the solubility of gases?

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