Happy Friday!!

1. Happy Friday!! • Take out your vocab so I can check it! • I will hand out a new stamp sheet • The following students got an “A” on the test! • Christina -B -Luella • Ritvik -Regan -Raquel • Amanda -Jose -Bella • Kyle -Prince -Savannah

2. The Civil War Sectionalism

3. Development of Sectionalism • Industry develops during the 19th century mainly in the north • New England became the center for industry because of rivers • Farming wasn’t profitable • Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts make factories more productive • No longer have to replace whole machines when they broke • By 1840, there are 800 cotton mills with 50,000 workers

4. Manufacturing in the North • Transforms the North • Development of major cities like Chicago • Creates 2 new social classes- industrial capitalists and industrial workers • Factories used immigrants for labor • To protect industry in the North, they wanted high protective tariffs (tax on imports) • Miles of new railroads help with trade

6. Growth in South • Southern states developed an economy based on slave labor and plantations • Small subsistence farming also took place in Appalachian Mtns. • “Cotton is king” in the south • Cotton gin made it possible to sell more Cotton • By the 1820’s the demand for slave labor grew • Southern part of Louisiana Territory opened up the west to plantations • Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas all became states • Had rich, vast, unsettled land

8. STOP AND THINK!!!! • How did the economy in the North differ from that in the South?

9. Conflict between the North and South • Tariffs • Designed to protect industry • South didn’t like this b/c they didn’t have industry- had to pay more for products • West wanted it b/c the money would be used for internal improvements • Public Land • West was in favor of cheap land and squatter’s rights-claim land that is unused • North not in favor b/c afraid of losing workers • South in favor of cheap land but was not in favor of squatters rights

10. Conflict continued • Extension of slavery- Biggest problem • North and West thought it was wrong • South in favor because of cotton • South thought that the North and West were against the extension of slavery because they wanted to decrease the power of the South

11. STOP AND THINK!!! • What impact did the growth of cotton have on the system of slavery?

12. HAPPY TUESDAY!!!!! • Pick up a turkey on the stand in the front!! • Color the turkey and write what you are thankful for in the turkey’s feathers • TAKE OUT YOUR SECTIONALISM PACKETS SO I CAN STAMP THEM

13. Civil War Events leading: Missouri Compromise- Compromise of 1850

14. Missouri Compromise- Background • Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state • At this time, the US had 10 slave state and 10 free states • Illinois applied as a free state, Southerners assumed that Missouri would be slave • James Tallmadge wanted to amend Missouri’s statehood bill and make them gradually free their slaves • Alabama was admitted as a slave state making Missouri crucial to the balance • If Missouri was allowed in as slave state, the balance would be thrown off

15. Missouri Compromise • Under the leadership of Henry Clay • Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state- keeps the balance • Missouri Compromise drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase along the 36th parallel • Slavery allowed below the line, but not above (except for Missouri) • This was an attempt to resolve the issue of slavery in the western territory

17. STOP AND THINK!!!!! • How did the Missouri Compromise temporarily settle the debate over slavery? • How did the Missouri Compromise promote Sectionalism?

18. Election of 1848 • New political party developed • Free Soil Party- anti slavery • Nominee was Martin Van Buren • Whig Party nominee was Zachary Taylor • Easily won the election

19. Wilmot-Proviso • Wilmot- Proviso- banned slavery in territory acquired from war with Mexico • California, Utah and New Mexico • Divided Congress on regional lines • Northerners supported Proviso- feared that adding slave territory would give South more influence • Southerners opposed- raised Constitutional issues (property protected in the const.)- Proviso goes against this • House approved the Proviso, Senate rejected it

20. California Gold Rush • Gold discovered in California- people flooded to California • Called “forty-niners”- people who went looking for gold in 1849 • Gold Rush- by 1849, 95,000 people had settled in California • Growing number required need for government • Many different nationalities coming (Asians, South Americans, Europeans, Free African-Americans, Mexicans)- also included slaves

21. California Statehood • Applied to the Union as a free state (new constitution banned slavery) • Caused debate b/c again it would upset the balance of free state and slave states in the Senate • South thought it would be a slave state b/c it was below the Missouri Compromise line • South warned that if California came in as a free state, they would rebel

22. Compromise of 1850- Background • When Congress met in 1849, the California statehood issue was on the top of their agenda • Northerners also demanded slavery be abolished in Washington D.C. • Southerners accused Northerners of refusing to follow the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 • Southerners threaten secession- withdraw from the Union

23. Compromise of 1850 • Terms of the Compromise: • California enters as a free state • Tougher fugitive slave laws • Slave trade is not allowed in D.C. • Mexican Territory divided into 2 parts with the people deciding on the slavery question • POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY • Taylor died, and successor Millard Fillmore supported the compromise • After 8 months of debate the compromise was passed • Fillmore thought the compromise was the “final settlement” on the issue of slavery

25. STOP AND THINK!!!! • When California applied for statehood in 1850, Mississippi senator Jefferson Davis warned, “For the first time, we are about permanently to destroy the balance of power between sections.” Why might Davis have felt this way?

26. HAPPY MONDAY!! • Welcome back!! We have a lot to do today so we’re going to get started as soon as possible • Did you know: When Disneyland opened in 1955, Tomorrowland represented a city from 1986

27. Civil War Events Leading: Abolitionism- Dred Scott Decision

28. Rift Widens between the regions • North didn’t want the fugitive slave laws • Fugitives were not entitled to a trial by jury, nor testify on their own behalf • Passed the personal liberty laws that nullified the fugitive slave laws • Forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed that they would have jury trials • The growing abolitionist movement in the North influenced public opinion on slavery

29. Abolitionism • Movement to end slavery • William Lloyd Garrison- publisher of the Liberator and abolitionist newspaper • Demanded immediate emancipation (freeing of slaves) with no payment to slaveholders • Frederick Douglass- ex-slave, speaks publicly about his experience as a slave • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (1852) • Strong reactions from the North and South • Message: Slavery not just a political and economic issue but is now a moral issue

30. Nat Turner’s rebellion • 1831, Nat Turner, a preacher from VA, believed that he had been chosen to lead his people out of bondage • led 80 men and attacked 4 plantations, killing almost 60 white inhabitants • Turner was captured, tried and hanged • This incident fed into Southern fears of slave rebellions • Whites killed as many 200 blacks

31. Stop and think! • How did Nat Turner’s revolt strengthen Southern white attitude about liberties of blacks?

32. Underground Railroad • Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave, helped others escape • Secret network of people who would help slaves escape • Fugitive slaves were hidden and moved from “station” to “station” • Hidden in tunnels and false cupboards • It is said that Tubman helped 300 slaves over 19 trips • Followed the North Star to the north and into Canada

34. Kansas- Nebraska Act- Background • Issue of slavery in territories resurfaced by Stephan Douglas • Territory west of Iowa and Missouri- divide into 2 parts • Nebraska- north, Kansas- south • Question of slavery would be settled by popular sovereignty (people’s choice) • Most fair and democratic way • If passed it would repeal the Missouri Compromise • Making slavery legal north of the 36th parallel

35. Kansas-Nebraska Act • 1854- Douglas introduced the bill • Congressional debate was bitter • Northerners saw the bill as a part of a plot to turn the territories into slave states • Nearly 90% of Southern congressmen voted for the bill • Became a law in May 1854

37. Bleeding Kansas • Settlers poured in from the North and South- Kansas ready to become a state • Thousands of people from slave state Missouri crossed into Kansas and voted illegally for slavery to be allowed • Violence raged through Kansas • Some 200 people were killed

38. Stop and think! • Why was popular sovereignty controversial? • Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?

39. Violence in the Senate • May 19, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner delivered a 2 day speech attacking supporters of slavery • Called out SC senator Andrew P. Butler • May 22, Butler’s nephew, Preston S. Brooks struck Sumner over the head with his cane • Southerners applauded and showered Brooks with new canes • Led to a formation of the Republican Party

41. Stop and think! • Why did Preston Brooks physically attack Senator Charles Sumner in the Senate?

42. Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri • taken north of the Missouri compromise line by his owner in 1834 • Sued for his freedom because he had lived in free territory • Supreme Court ruled he couldn’t sue b/c he wasn’t a citizen • The Founding Fathers had not intended for African-Americans to be citizens • Also said Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

43. Stop and think! • What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

44. Daily Quiz #3 1. What is the movement to end slavery called? 2. William Lloyd Garrison wrote which newspaper to promote abolition? 3. How was slavery going to be decided in the Kansas and Nebraska territories? 4. What “act” did the Kansas-Nebraska act repeal? 5. Why did the Supreme Court rule that Dred Scott could NOT sue for his freedom?

45. Happy Wednesday!! • I need to come around and check your Dred Scott worksheet if I haven’t already done so • Did you know: The Venus flytrap feeds primarily on ants, not flies

46. Civil War Events Leading: Lincoln/ Douglas Debate- Secession

47. The Republican Party • By the end of 1856, the nation’s political landscape had shifted • The Whig party split over the issue of slavery • Whig party ended because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act- couldn’t agree on 1 platform • Democratic party was weak • Republicans moved in • Consisted of angry Northerners, antislavery Democrats, and Free-Soilers, some radical abolitionists • Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Wanted to bring back Missouri Compromise • Drew support from diverse groups

48. Lincoln- Douglas Debates • Abraham Lincoln (Republican) v. Stephen Douglas (Democrat) ran for Senate in Illinois 1858 • Held 7 open-air debated throughout Illinois on the issue of slavery in the territories • Douglas believed in popular sovereignty and that slavery would pass away on its own • Freeport Doctrine- supported Dred Scott but still allowed popular sovereignty • If people didn’t want slavery all they had to do was elect people who wouldn’t enforce slavery

49. Lincoln- Douglas debates continued • Lincoln believed slavery was immoral and would spread without legislation • Not in favor of racial equality but thought slavery was wrong • Lincoln warned “a house divided against itself can not stand” • Douglas Narrowly wins