Colonial Period of Georgia: Settlement and Development

1. Chapter 5Trustee Georgia 1730-1761

2. SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah. b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida. c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

3. SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features and location. a. Locate Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, and hemispheres. b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia; include the Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain. c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development of Georgia; include the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains, Chattahoochee and Savannah Rivers, and barrier islands. d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s development.

4. SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced in Georgia in different historical periods. SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade. a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods. b. Explain how the four transportation systems from SS8G2 contribute to Georgia’s role in trade. SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s economic growth and development. a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs. b. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new goods and services to start a business. c. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia who developed such enterprises as Coca-Cola, Delta Airlines, Georgia-Pacific, and Home Depot.

5. What English problems influenced the plan for the colony of Georgia? (1)Agricultural problems and lack of food. (2) Overcrowded cities (3) Homelessness and unemployment (4) Debtors’ Prisons (5) The need to protect Charles Town from Spanish attack.

6. What incentives encouraged colonists to settle Georgia? • (1) Free passage (transportation) • (2) 50 acres of land (500 acres and no taxes for ten years if you paid your own passage) • (3) Support for your family for one year.

7. What rules made the new colony different from other colonies? • Trustees were not allowed to own land or make a profit from the colony. • Colonists all received the same amount of land. • Rum and liquor were banned. • Slavery was banned. • Land could only be inherited by men.

8. What religious groups settled in Georgia? • Moravians(Protestants from Czechoslovakia) • Salzburgers(From Austria near the German border) • Jews(from Portugal) • Christians The Trustees welcomed all religions except Roman Catholics. They did not want to risk that the Catholic settlers would side with Spanish Catholics already in the colonies.

9. Why did the Trustees found the colony of Georgia? • It was founded for charitable purposes rather than for profit. • It was founded as a place where debtors’ and the “worthy poor” could have a second chance. • It was founded to be an economic self-supporting colony that would provide cheap raw materials for England. • It was founded to be a defensive/protective barrier (buffer) between Florida and Charles Town.

10. Why were the colonists unhappy with their life in Georgia? • Restrictions on land ownership. • The ban on slavery • The ban on Rum. • The land was not well suited to grow Mulberry Trees and other products that were to be exported to England. • Colonists were not prepared for the hard life in the new colony.

11. Oglethorpe’s defeat of the Spanish troops established a clear claim to the “debatable” lands between Charles Town and St. Augustine for the English. What role did the Battle of the Bloody Marsh play in the life of the new colony?

12. The colonies were not able to produce enough of the kinds of goods that England wanted. The colonists also “complained and grumbled” about the land, Rum, and slavery restrictions. Why did the colony not prosper under the Trustees?

13. What acts were passed by the first royal assembly? • Reorganization of the militia. • Funding for roads and bridges. • Creation of paper bills of credit. • Establishment of 10 crimes punishable by death. • Approval of the first slave code.

14. Why was the Commons House of Assembly important to the colonists? • As English citizens the colonists expected to have a voice in their government. The Trustees had not given the colonists any voice (or say) in how they were governed. The Commons House of Assembly gave them a representative voice in their local government.

15. In Addition: • James Oglethorpe: Trustee founder of Georgia • Mary and John Musgrove: Bicultural traders and translators for the colonists. • Tomochichi: Chief of the Yamacraw Indians and ally of the new colonists. • Yamacraw Bluff: Location of the first settlement in Georgia. • Treaty of Savannah: agreement with the Creeks over Georgia land and slave codes.

16. More……….. • Augusta: Community established as a way station between Savannah and Charlestown. It was called the “Key of the Indian Country.” • Palisade: a strong wooden wall surrounding the settlement at Savannah. • John Reynolds: First Royal governor of Georgia. • Trustee: the organizers that funded the colony, selected the colonists, and set the rules.

17. AND more…… • Parishes: districts divided mostly for religious and military purposes. • “salutary neglect”: the hands off policy f England towards the Georgia colony. Colonists handled their own affairs and pretty much ignored the English laws. • War of Jenkins Ear (page 93) • John Wesley and George Whitefield (89) • Grumbletonians and Clamorious Malcontents