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#1 Primitive Theater 8500-7000 B.C.

#1 Primitive Theater 8500-7000 B.C. Primitive Tribal Dance Religious Rituals Cave Drawings Ensuring the Tribe’s Safety and Prosperity Elements: Shaman (priest), Symbolic Clothing, Acting Space, Symbolic Items, Audience Space. #2 Greek Festivals 600-360 B.C.

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#1 Primitive Theater 8500-7000 B.C.

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  1. #1 Primitive Theater8500-7000 B.C. • Primitive Tribal Dance • Religious Rituals • Cave Drawings • Ensuring the Tribe’s Safety and Prosperity • Elements: Shaman (priest), Symbolic Clothing, Acting Space, Symbolic Items, Audience Space

  2. #2 Greek Festivals600-360 B.C. • Festivals honored Olympian gods • Ritual Competitions • Lyric Poetry • Dionysus • Chorus • Tragedy • Comedy • Masks

  3. Greek Theatre • Thespis • Theaters Built in Hillsides • Tragedy: • Aeschylus • Sophocles • Euripides • Comedy: • Aristophanes

  4. #3 Roman Theatre240 B.C.-200 A.D. • Origins in Greek Drama (copied) • Tragedy: Seneca • Comedy:Terence and Plautus • Bawdy • Stock characters • Added Music • Setting City Street/ Palace • Violence on Stage

  5. Roman Spectacle • Gladiatorial combats • Stopped Around 568 A.D. • Naval battles in a flooded Coliseum • “Real-life” theatricals • Decadent, violent and immoral • All theatrical events banned by Church when Rome became Christianized

  6. #4 Eastern Theater (Indian) • Written in Sanskrit (Shakuntala) • Estimated 100 A.D. • Myth, History and Legend • Good vs. Evil • Like our Sign Language • Very Little Scenery

  7. #5 Medieval Drama 500-1500 A.D. • Arose from need to educate converted, illiterate Christians about Christianity • Hrotsvita (10th c.), German nun, wrote plays about Christian matyrs using structure based on Terence’s Roman comedies • Mystery plays: Biblical tales • Miracle plays: Saints’ lives • Morality plays: Allegories • Mansions (Stages)

  8. #6 Eastern Theater (Japanese)1400 A.D. • Noh Theater • Kabuki Theater • Stylized and Graceful • Silk Costumes • Trained Since Children • Elaborate Stage Makeup • Masks

  9. #7 Italian RenaissanceLate 1300’s to 1600’s • La Commedia dell'Arte, "Artistic Comedy,” Improv • Based on set pieces, lazzi, that are improvised with stock characters • A distinct group of actors gave birth to the first nucleus of companies, and started doing their acts on simple stages set outdoors • Copied Greek and Roman Plays • Advances in Stages, Set Design and Theaters Harlequino

  10. #8 Elizabethan Theatre1558- 1603 A.D. • Protestant Reformation closed down religious drama • Tudor love of spectacle and patronage of drama • Elizabethan poetry -- love of language • Influenced by Roman theatre, Renaissance ideas, medieval stagecraft and pagan remnants • Important theatrical period even if Shakespeare had never lived

  11. Elizabethan Age • Globe Theater (out side city limits) • Professional Actors • Sparse Scenery • William Shakespeare • Christopher Marlow • Iambic Pentameter

  12. #9 Restoration1658-1700’s • Cromwell/Puritans • Royalty Returned to England • Women Hit the Stage • Poked Fun at the Rich • Theaters Enclosed “Raked Stages” • “Comedies of Manners”

  13. #10 19th Century1800’s • Industrial Revolution (Lights/Machines) • Steam Engine (Tours) • Gas Lights (Night Performances) • Directors (New) • Entertainment in Cities

  14. Melodrama: 19th Century • Theatre of sentimentality -- emotional appeal • Heroes and villains -- and lily-white heroines • Wide popular appeal • Sensationalistic • Most widely performed play of the 19th C: Uncle Tom’s Cabin based on Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel

  15. #11 Modern Theater (Realism)19th-20th C. • Real Life Characters • Theatre of social problems • Influenced by emerging disciplines of psychology and sociology • Emerging importance of director • Realistic stage conventions: • Proscenium stage • Audience as “fourth wall” • Change in acting conventions • Continued developments in stagecraft

  16. Middle class Psychological How can the individual live within and influence society? “Well-made play” Henrik Ibsen, George Bernard Shaw Middle and Lower classes Sociological How does society/the environment impact individuals? “Slice of life” August Strindberg, Anton Chekhov, John Synge, Sean O’Casey Realism and Naturalism

  17. 20th Century Theatre:a hundred years of isms • Symbolism • Expressionism • Futurism • Surrealism • Social Realism • Epic Theatre • Existentialism • Absurdism • Magic Realism • Hyper-Realism • Not to mention musicals, films, street theatre, etc., etc.

  18. #12 Musicals • From the United States! • Blended Story, Song and Dance • Songs Enhance the Story and Characters Feelings • Around 1945

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