Colibacillosis

1. Colibacillosis F5+ group of E.coli Pili serogroups K99, K88, F41, 987P, F18. ST and LT enterotoxins Inadequate colostrum Sow agalactia Viruses, coccidia

2. Clinical signs colibacillosis • Nursing attempts by littermates • Diarrhea- non odorous, non bloody • Shivering, cold • Piling up • Dehydration • Differentiate: • Septicemia • Clostridium perfringens type C • Coccidiosis • Edema disease

3. Treatment of colibacillosis • Intraperitoneal glucose, fluids • Oral gentamicin, neomycin • Provide supplemental food • Feeding neonates • 10 to 30% of body weight • Gavage • Mix whole milk with evaporated milk or cream • Supplemental solid starter with plasma • PROVIDE WATER

4. Alkaline stool pH (>7.4)

5. Prevention of colibacillosis • Count teats/piglets-cross foster • Cull sows with MMA, check sow diets • Dietary changes • Vaccinate • Commercial vaccines • Autogenous bacterins • Autocthonous vaccination • Warmth, hygeine • Delay iron injections

6. Swine edema disease • Sudden death or CNS signs in weaned piglets • Fastest growing pigs • Sporadic, and then endemic; 5 to 45% morbidity • Etiology - enteric toxemic E. coli • Bacterium survives in moist crevices, water nipples • High soy protein diet

7. Swine edema disease • E. coli F18+ secretes verotoxin VT2e • Attaches to enterocyte receptors • Enterocyte receptors unexpressed in sucklers • Toxin absorbed produces edema • 5 to 45% case attack rate • Bacteria survive disinfection

8. Edema disease Signs • Peracute form • Found Dead • Swelling around eyes • Acute form • Squealing • Circling or pivoting • Convulsions • Normothermic • Facial and subcutaneous edema • Diarrhea

9. Management of Edema Disease • 100% mortality- Treatment in ineffective • Susceptibility of E. coli needed • Food additive- Tetracycline, Spectinomycin, Mecadox • Increase food fiber, decrease soy protein • 20% oats in feed • Autogenous bacterin • Water based modified live vaccine • Purchase F18+ resistant pigs • Fumigate, or disinfect with Quaternary ammonium, Clorox in waterers

10. Transmissible Gastroenteritis(TGE) • Acute epizootic disease of swine. • Sows - acute fever, vomition, anorexia and agalactia, recovery in 4 to 5 days • Piglets - Severe intractable diarrhea, dehydration. • Acidic stool pH • ~100% death losses in piglets; 0% losses in sows

11. TGE Facts • Etiology = Corona virus • 1 gene different from the respiratory corona virus of swine • Labile at 72 C, stable at freezing • Well managed herds • Clinical course = 2 to 3 days • Sows shed virus in milk for up to 2 weeks • Infection becomes sporadic after initial outbreak

12. More on TGE • Villus denuded, and lactose unabsorbed • Osmotic diarrhea, shortened intestinal villi • Immunity due to lactogenic IgA • Vaccines stimulate IgG • Birds, mice, rats, dogs, cats, veterinarians feed trucks can transmit • Eliminate with test and eradicate, all in all out, MEW or SPF pig facility.

13. TGE Lesions • TGE Normal TGE

14. Coccidiosis • Patency early in swine (1 to 3 weeks) • Isospora suis • 4 to 5 day life cycle in pigs. Oocysts infective by 12 hours in summer • 20% mortality, sporadic infections • Check all diarrheas with a fecal flotation • Amprolium treatment • Farrowing crate sanitation critical

15. Students: • How would you differentiate: • Colibacillosis from coccidiosis? • Colibacillosis from edema disease? • Edema disease from coccidiosis? • Edema disease from Clostridium perfringens type C?

16. Clostridium perfringens type C • Acute diarrhea and death< 1week of age 5 to 20% morbidity • Infection from dam shortly after birth • Jejunal proliferation • Intestinal necrosis • Fibrinous bloody diarrhea • Peracute death (100%) • Peritonitis • Mass medicate with lincomicin or tiamulin • Vaccinate sows; antiserum to piglets Sharp demarcation bad good ugly

17. Ascaris suum (roundworm) • Thick shelled egg long lived in soil • Development and 1 molt L2 in egg • Ingested (native or worm) molts in small intestine • Burrows goes to liver and molts L3 • Migrates to lungs (4 to 6 dy), coughed • Swallowed, molts 2 x to adults

18. Milk spots Hepatic fibrosis Lung lesions Sowschwitz Adult Ascarids Normal pig

19. Clinical signs ascarids • Unthrifty • Cough • Thumps • Ascites • Clay colored stool • Worms in stool or vomitus • Colic, obstipation, Jaundice

20. Diagnosis and treatment of ascariasis • Fecal egg count (>500 epg) • Necropsy • Treat L2’s with pyrantel • L3’s in liver with fenbendazole • L3’s in lung with FBZ or thiabendazole • L4’s in intestine with ivomec, pyrantel, fenbendazole, dichlorvos • Adults with any of the above plus piperazine

21. Prevention ascarids • Worm and shampoo sows prior to farrowing • Wean piglets at 3 weeks of age • Banminth • Clean pens and pastures Q3 weeks • Rotate pastures Q 3 weeks

22. Trichuris suis • Extremely common • Pastured pigs • 21 day scours (Post pasturing), non patent infections, cramping, bloody scours • Mostly asymptomatic • Direct life cycle • Atgard, fenbendazole • Raise pigs on concrete

23. Swine salmonellosis • Common among feeder pigs • Mixed source groups are particularly at risk • 3 types: • S. typhimurium type B -bloody scours, rectal strictures • S. choleraesuis type C1-bloody scours secondary to Hog Cholera • S. typhisuis type C2 -swine adapted granulomatous colitis and pneumonia

24. Clinical signs of swine salmonellosis • Fever, purplish lividity • Bloody scours • Acute death • Rectal stricture • Pyogranulomatous colitis

25. Treatment/management salmonellosis • Treat with Ceftiofur or Nuflor • Segregate or euthanize affected pigs • All in-All out, MEW, SPF, disinfect premises with bleach • Autogenous bacterin • Pot bellied pigs may be treated with amikacin, timentin.

26. Lawsonia intracellularis • Common small intestinal disease (96% herds positive) • Swine, horses, late feeder period • Syn = Proliferative enteropathy, necrotic enteritis, regional ileitis, proliferative ileitis, proliferative enteritis • Gram negative, obligate intracellular desulfovibrio family

27. Lawsonia infection • Infection at 2-3 wks, prolonged shed, growers adults affected, stress related • Clinical forms • “Johne’s like” form of chronic wasting, hypoalbuminemia, and loose stool • Acute fevers scours, with or without hematochezia. Mortality >10%. • Fever, anorexia and dark stool in adult swine • Pathologic lesion = thickened intestine; PCR test diagnostic • Treat with food tylosin or lincomycin

28. “Hosepipe gut”

29. Swine dysentery • Highly contagious • Feeders 6 to 8 weeks of age and adults • Prevalent in California • Large bowel infection by Serpulina (Brachyspira) hyodysenteriae • Intestinal anaerobes enhance disease

30. Swine dysentery • Serpulina survives in manure 6 to 8 wks @<30F, and for 1 to 2 hr >98F • In dogs for months, birds, mice, and humans • In pigs for years • Clinical signs • Acute, fever, bloody scours • Fibrinous casts • Sepsis, purplish discoloration of the ears • Exsanguination (15 to 50% mortality)

31. Diagnosis swine dysentery • Cecal scrapings darkfield - spiral shaped bacteria • Victoria Blue R stains of intestinal sections • Differentiate from Serpulina pilosocoli and S. innocens • 6 Strains of S. hyos. • Hemolysin and enterotoxin Pathologic lesions restricted to colon

32. Treatment of Swine Dysentery • Tiamulin • Mecadox • Lincomycin • Virginiamycin • NOT dimetridazole • Injection of lincocin for sick pigs • Drug delayed-enhanced forms of disease

33. Control of swine dysentery • Rodent, dog, bird, cat, human control essential • Blitz treat (metaphylaxis) herd 30 days • Shampoo pigs and disinfect with 0.5% Clorox • Move to new pen • Fumigate or quaternary ammonium disinfectants

34. Gastric ulcers Pallor • Feeder pigs and boars • Cause unknown • “Coffee grounds” vomitus • Scant “road ashpalt” stool • Pallor, and depression • Characteristic blood loss hemogram Stool

35. Intestinal Obstructions • Peach pits • Skewers • Sofa cushion • Tar paper • Christmas wrapping • Dead babies

36. Signs of obstructions • Colic • Lethargy • Obstipation • Vomition • Anorexia • Tachycardia