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Cell Division

Mitosis is a process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. It is essential for the growth and repair of multi-cellular organisms. This article explains the phases of mitosis and its significance in the cell cycle.

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Mitosis

  2. Mitosis • Produces 2 cells – called daughter cells – from one parent cell • Daughter cells are identical to each another and to the original parent cell • Most body cells reproduce this way • Similar to binary fission • Asexual reproduction of organisms without a nucleus

  3. Mitosis • Occurs because: • Multi-cellular organisms grow in size and complexity by making more cells • Old and damaged cells are continuously replaced by the division of cells • Single-celled organisms such as bacteria divide to make new, independent organisms • Binary fission – asexual reproduction

  4. Mitosis • The nucleus of the cell divides in two • The nucleus contains the genetic material – chromosomes – of the organism • Chromosomes are made of DNA

  5. MitosisThe Cell Cycle • The nucleus divides in several phases: • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  6. MitosisInterphase • Technically not part of mitosis • A resting phase • DNA (Chromosomes) copies itself exactly (replicates) • Organelles double in number, to prepare for division

  7. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  8. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  9. MitosisProphase • Nuclear membrane disappears • Spindle fibers (or aster fibers) form at the ends of the cell • Chromosomes coil up and become short and fat - become visible • Takes about an hour

  10. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  11. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  12. MitosisMetaphase • Chromosomes in pairs line up along the equator – middle of cell • Spindle fibers attach to the center of the chromosome pairs • Centromere – the connecting point of the two chromosomes • Takes about 15 minutes

  13. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  14. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  15. MitosisAnaphase • Chromosomes divide • Chromatids (half of a chromosome pair) separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers • Takes about 10 minutes

  16. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  17. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  18. MitosisTelophase • Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind and become long and thin again • Cytokinesis begins

  19. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  20. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  21. MitosisCytokinesis • Cytoplasm divides • One cell becomes two individual cells • Different in plants and animals • Animals: • Cell membrane pinches in • Plants: • Cell wall forms down the center http://www.dundee.ac.uk

  22. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellcycle.html

  23. http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/cell3.html

  24. Animation http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html

  25. Animation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

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