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Force, Motion, Simple Machines and Waves

Force, Motion, Simple Machines and Waves. Most Important Info. Newton’s Laws. An object in motion stays in motion; an object at rest stays at rest UNLESS force acts on it

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Force, Motion, Simple Machines and Waves

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  1. Force, Motion, Simple Machines and Waves Most Important Info

  2. Newton’s Laws • An object in motion stays in motion; an object at rest stays at rest UNLESS force acts on it • Acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the force applied to it (the heavier something is, the more force it needs to move) • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

  3. Measurements • Force measured in Newtons (N) • Work measured in Joules (J) • Power measured in watts (W)

  4. Work • Work is being done on an object when the direction of force and direction of movement are the same • The object MUST MOVE or work hasn’t been done • Work = force x distance

  5. Power • How fast you do work • P = Work/Time • How much power does a machine have if it does 50J of work in 2 min?

  6. Simple Machines • Lever: a bar that pivots on a fulcrum ex) hammer, arm, see saw, wheelbarrow • Pulley: grooved wheel that holds a rope (fixed or moveable) ex) flagpole • Wheel and Axle: a circular wheel that spins around on an axis ex) car, doorknob, any wheel on anything

  7. Simple Machines 4. Inclines Plane: straight, slanted surface to help raise a load ex) ramp 5. Wedge: 2 inclines planes together used to cut ex) knife, ax, 6. Screw: an inclined plane that is wrapped around in a spiral used to hold things together

  8. Compound Machine • 2 or more simple machines put together • Ex) can opener (wheel and axle, wedge, lever)

  9. Types of Waves • Transverse: (moves Perpendicular) 2. Longitudinal: (moves parallel)

  10. Types of waves • Electromagnetic: transverse wave that does NOT need a medium • Mechanical: needs a medium (seismic waves travel through the earth to cause an earthquake)

  11. Objects in a wave • Move UP and DOWN

  12. Parts of a wave • Crest: (top) • Trough (bottom) • Amplitude (middle to the top) • Wavelength (crest to crest)

  13. Frequency and Wavelength • Are opposites! • Frequency= how fast the waves are moving • Wavelength= distance between waves • As frequency increase, wavelength decreases • The faster the waves are moving, the less distance is between them

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