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Crying Baby at the Grocery Store. You are at a grocery store, and a child keeps screaming for candy. Eventually, the parent gives the child candy as long as they promise to be quiet. What has this child learned? This child has been appeased (got what he wanted, to avoid a conflict).
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Crying Baby at the Grocery Store • You are at a grocery store, and a child keeps screaming for candy. Eventually, the parent gives the child candy as long as they promise to be quiet. • What has this child learned? • This child has been appeased (got what he wanted, to avoid a conflict)
Dictators take over in Europe • Spain: Francisco Franco • Italy: Benito Mussolini • USSR: Joseph Stalin • Germany: Adolf Hitler
Germany Expands its borders • Anschluss: unites with Austria • Violates Versailles • Wants to take Sudetenland • Germans speaking area of Czechoslovakia
Appeasement – Sept 30, 1938 • Hitler invites France & Great Britain to meet in Munich • Munich Conference • Promises not to take any more land if he gets Sudetenland • France & UK eager to give in • Why? • “My friends, there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in Our Time”
Germany invades other countries • Czechoslovakia • Netherlands • Norway • Belgium • France • Poland
USSR stays neutral Nonaggression Pact w/ Germany
France & britain fight France resists, but can’t defend against Germany
US Moves Toward War • “Cash & Carry • Sept 1939 • FDR wants to help France & Britain • Countries fighting Germany can buy goods with cash and transport themselves • Keep us out of war • Isolationists unhappy • Too little, too late • Summer 1940, France falls to Germany • September 27, Germany, Italy, Japan sign Tripartite Pact • They are now on the same side • Axis powers
US Moves Toward War • Congress starts spending money to prep for war • FDR runs for 3rd term as Pres • Wins with 55% of votes • Can’t turn a tiger into a kitten by stroking it • Must FIGHT Hitler, not ask him to stop • Must turn itself into an arsenal of democracy (fight for freedom)
Lend-Lease • Britain out of $ • US will lend or lease weapons to “any country whose defense was vital to the US” • Isolationists unhappy • Most Americans support it
Supporting Stalin • 1941, Hitler invades USSR • US sends lend-lease items to USSR • We don’t like Stalin or Communism, but we will help anyone willing to fight Hitler
German Wolf Packs • German U-boats attack transport ships with lend-lease items • US STILL NOT AT WAR • FDR allows US warships to attack U-boats in self-defense
Japanese Expansion • Japan has almost no natural resources, needs to get them from other countries • Manchuria • French Indochina • China • Many Pacific Island
Japanese Expansion • US protests their expansion (esp when they invade Fr. Indochina) • Don’t mess with our friends! • Cuts off trade with Japan • Japan needs to get oil from US, or invade Dutch colonies • This would be war
Peace Talks • During peace talks, Japan is secretly planning to attack US • We know this because we deciphered their codes • December 6, 1941 Japan diplomats ordered to reject any peace offering
Hideki Tojo • Plans attack on Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 • Japan attacks US Navy Base • Pearl Harbor, HI • 90 minute attack • 2403 dead, 1178 wounded • Sunk or damaged 21 ships (8 battleships) • More than all of WWI • 3 aircraft carriers happened to be out that day • Severely hurt our Navy & ability to fight Japan AND Germany • “Day that will live in Infamy” • Ended isolationism • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY
Mobilizing for Defense Reading Study Guide