15.3 Essential Question

1. 15.3Essential Question EQ: In what ways did disagreements over slavery lead to the formation of the Republican Party and heightened sectional tensions?

2. Section 15.3a – Slavery Dominates Politics Today we will explain why the Republican Party was formed and summarize the effects of the Dred Scott case.

3. Vocabulary • summarize – give a brief version • case– court proceedings or trial • Republican Party – political party formed in 1854 to oppose slavery • unconstitutional – illegal because it violates the Constitution

4. What We Already Know The WhigsandDemocrats were the two major political parties of the 1840s and 50s.

5. What We Already Know • There were other minor parties as well, such as the anti-immigrant Know-Nothings.

6. What We Already Know • There were other minor parties as well, such as the anti-immigrant Know-Nothings. • The Free Soil Party had been formed to stop the spread of slavery into new territories.

7. What We Already Know The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to widespread violence on the plains in 1854.

8. The Republican Party Forms • Created out of the problems caused by the Kansas–Nebraska Act • The Whig Party split; Northern Whigs joined Free Soilers and other slavery opponents • Gained strength in the North as the Democrats were blamed for the violence in Kansas.

9. What was the Republican Party’s main goal? To end slavery everywhere in America To return all blacks to Africa To stop the spread of slavery into the territories To bring Canada and Mexico into the United States

10. 1. What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? Choose all that are true!

11. 1. What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? Northern Whigs leaving their party to join with other opponents of slavery Opposition by James Buchanan to the Wilmot Proviso The emergence of Abraham Lincoln Problems caused by the Kansas Nebraska Act Choose all that are true!

12. 1. What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? Northern Whigs leaving their party to join with other opponents of slavery Opposition by James Buchanan to the Wilmot Proviso The emergence of Abraham Lincoln Problems caused by the Kansas Nebraska Act Choose all that are true!

13. Republican Candidate John C. Frémont • First Republican presidential nominee • Young, handsome, national hero for his explorations in the West • Favored admitting both California and Kansas as free states. • Had no controversial record to defend.

14. The Election of 1856 • Democrat nominee James Buchanan had taken no stand on the Kansas–Nebraska Act. • Buchanan said little about slavery; his goal was to maintain the Union. • He appealed to Southerners, the border states, and Northerners who were fearful of a civil war.

15. The Election of 1856 • The Know-Nothing Party nominated former president Millard Fillmore (1850-53), but were divided over slavery.

16. The Election of 1856 Election results showed how strong the Republican Party was in the North, and that the nation was sharply split over slavery.

17. Who were the candidates in the 1856 presidential election? • Douglas of the Free Soil Party • Fremont of the Republican Party • Buchanan of the Democratic Party • Fillmore of the Know-Nothing Party

18. Who were the candidates in the 1856 presidential election? • Douglas of the Free Soil Party • Fremont of the Republican Party • Buchanan of the Democratic Party • Fillmore of the Know-Nothing Party

19. What did the election results in 1856 reveal? • Party differences were less sharply defined that in earlier elections. • The influence of the Republican Party was declining in the North. • The influence of the Democratic Party was declining in the South. • The nation was sharply split over slavery.

20. What did the election results in 1856 reveal? • Party differences were less sharply defined that in earlier elections. • The influence of the Republican Party was declining in the North. • The influence of the Democratic Party was declining in the South. • The nation was sharply split over slavery.

21. The Case of Dred Scott • Dred Scottwas a slave whose owner took him to live in free territories, then returned to Missouri, a slave state. • After his owner’s death, Scott sued for his freedom, but the Supreme Court ruled against him.

22. Chief Justice Taney‘sRuling • As a Negro, Scott was not a U.S. citizen and could not sue in U.S courts. • Slaveholders’ property rights were protected by the Fifth Amendment. • Congress could not ban slavery anywhere, including the territories.

23. Chief Justice Roger Taney‘sRuling • This decision made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. • Southerners cheered the Court’s decision, while Many Northerners were outraged, but powerless.

24. 2. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? Choose all that are true!

25. 2. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? • As a slave, Dred Scott was not a U.S. citizen. • Only Congress could restrict the movement of slaves into the territories. • Dred Scott was no longer a slave. • Slave-owners could take their slaves everywhere, including free states and territories. • The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Choose all that are true!

26. 2. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? • As a slave, Dred Scott was not a U.S. citizen. • Only Congress could restrict the movement of slaves into the territories. • Dred Scott was no longer a slave. • Slave-owners could take their slaves everywhere, including free states and territories. • The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Choose all that are true!

27. What consequences did the Dred Scott decision have for free blacks?

28. What consequences did the Dred Scott decision have for free blacks? The Supreme Court ruled that all blacks could be taken into slavery. The Supreme Court ruled that free blacks were not American citizens. Free blacks were granted the right to vote in state elections. Free blacks who gained their freedom by escaping to the North could now be returned to slavery.

29. What consequences did the Dred Scott decision have for free blacks? The Supreme Court ruled that all blacks could be taken into slavery. The Supreme Court ruled that free blacks were not American citizens. Free blacks were granted the right to vote in state elections. Free blacks who gained their freedom by escaping to the North could now be returned to slavery.

30. Section 15.3b – Slavery Dominates Politics Today we will analyze the Lincoln-Douglas debates and evaluate the impact of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.

31. Vocabulary analyze – look at something closely by breaking it down into smaller parts debate – formal discussion between political opponents about the issues of the day arsenal – place where weapons are stored

32. What We Already Know The Republican Party was created byNorthern Whigs, Free Soilers, and other slavery opponents out of the problems caused by the Kansas–Nebraska Act and a desire to keep slavery from spreading into the territories.

33. What We Already Know The election results in 1856 showed how the nation was sharply split over slavery.

34. What We Already Know In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not ban slavery anywhere, including the territories, since slaves were property protected by the Constitution. This would do away with the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and any future laws that would try to limit where slavery could be.

35. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) The Dred Scott decision angered Republicans. They claimed that Democrats wanted to open up the whole country to slavery. They planned to use this argument to challenge Stephen Douglas and other Democrats in the 1858 elections.

36. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Abraham Lincoln was nominated by Illinois Republicans to run against Douglas for his U.S. Senate seat. In his first campaign speech, Lincoln expressed Republican fears that Democrats threatened to expand slavery across the whole country.

37. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Lincoln warned, “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

38. Lincoln and Douglas Debates (1858) Lincoln called slavery was “a moral, a social and a political wrong,” but did not suggest abolishing slavery where it already existed, only that it should not be expanded. Douglas argued for popular sovereignty as the most democratic method to do deal with slavery.

39. The Dred Scott decision overturned popular sovereignty. Lincoln asked Douglas if people could legally prohibit slavery despite the Dred Scott decision. Douglas replied with the Freeport Doctrine:People could exclude slavery by refusing to pass laws that supported slavery. The Problem of Popular Sovereignty

40. The Problem of Popular Sovereignty Douglas won reelection, butLincoln became a national figure and a leader in the Republican Party.

41. 3. What was the main issue in the Lincoln–Douglas debates? the Dred Scott ruling South Carolina's decision to secede slavery in the territories the trial of John Brown

42. 3. What was the main issue in the Lincoln–Douglas debates? the Dred Scott ruling South Carolina's decision to secede slavery in the territories the trial of John Brown

43. John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry In 1859, John Brown planned to capture the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and use its weapons to start a slave uprising across the South.

44. John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry Brown’s group captured the arsenal, but no slaves joined the fight.

45. John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry The U.S. Marines captured Brown and six others were captured, and ten men were killed.

46. John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry In 1859, John Brown planned to capture the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and use its weapons to start a slave uprising across the South. The U.S. Marines captured Brown and six others were captured, and ten men were killed. Brown’s group captured the arsenal, but no slaves joined the fight. Brown was triedandconvictedformurder and treason, and washanged.

47. Reaction to John Brown and Harpers Ferry In the North, abolitionists mourned Brown’s death and called him a hero. Southerners were enraged by Brown’s actions and horrified by Northerners’ sympathetic reactions to his death. With the election of 1860 drawing near, the issue of slavery had raised sectional tensions to the breaking point.

48. Who was John Brown? John Brown was an extreme abolitionist who tried to steal guns from a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.

49. 4. Why did John Brown attack the arsenal at Harpers Ferry? Choose all that are true!

50. 4. Why did John Brown attack the arsenal at Harpers Ferry? To seize the U.S. arsenal located there To call public attention to "Bleeding Kansas” To arm slaves with captured weapons To start a slave uprising To get weapons for South Carolina’s militia Choose all that are true!