Ecosystems

1. Ecosystems

2. What is an ecosystem? A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving and living environment. Ecosystems Because ecosystems are made up of both living and nonliving things, an ecosystem is shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors.

3. What are biotic factors? What are abiotic factors? The living influences on an organism. plants animals fungi bacteria The physical, or nonliving, factors that shape an ecosystem. moisture temperature wind sunlight soil Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.

4. Sunlight Plants moisture sand

5. What are producers? Where do producers get the energy to make their own food? Producers are the organisms in an ecosystem that make their own food. Producers provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem. Either from the sun or from inorganic chemical compounds. Energy in an Ecosystem *Life in an ecosystem requires a source of energy.* This image uses chlorophyll abundance to show the distribution of producers

6. What are producers also known as? What are photoautotroph's? What are chemoautotroph’s? Autotrophs. “auto” = self; “troph” = feeder Autotrophs who use energy from the sun (through photosynthesis) to make their food Autotrophs who use energy from inorganic chemical compounds to make their food

7. carbon dioxide + water + hydrogen sulfide + oxygen sugar + sulfuric acid • Chemosynthesis is the process by which organisms form carbs using chemicals, rather than use light, as an energy source.This is found in sulfur rich salt marsh flats and in hydrothermal pools in Yellowstone National Park.

8. What are consumers? What are consumers also known as? organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once-living resources. Heterotrophs. “Hetero” = other; “troph” = feeder

9. There are different types of heterotrophs based on what they eat. What are they? Herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eat animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Detritivores eat detritus (dead organic matter) ex. millipede Decomposers are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds. This is important to an ecosystem b/c it returns vital nutrients back into the environment. Ex. fungi carnivore decomposer ominvore detritivore

10. What is a food chain? A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. A food chain follows the connection between one producer and a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem. Feeding Relationships

11. Feeding Relationships Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers).

12. energy lost energy transferred • Each step in a food chain is called a trophic level. • Trophic levels are the nourishment levels in a food chain. • Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers. • Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat herbivores. • Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat secondary consumers. • Omnivores, such as humans that eat both plants and animals, may be listed at different trophic levels in different food chains.

13. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? Why so little? Only 10%. Organisms use much of the energy they consume for life processes, such as respiration, movement, and reproduction. Energy Transfer

14. The amount of energy available at each trophic level can be identified using an energy pyramid Energy Transfer .1% 1% 10% 100%

15. A food web shows a complex network of feeding relationships. • It emphasizes complicated feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem. • An organism may have multiple feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers Producers