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Unit 3 Fire Suppression

Unit 3 Fire Suppression. Section 1 Detection and Alarm Systems . 1. Importance of Fire Detection and Alarm Systems. 1.1. Time Element 1.2. Notification a. Type A Manual Alarm b. Type B Automatic Alarm 1.3. Activation Note: Studies with children and notification!.

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Unit 3 Fire Suppression

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  1. Unit 3 Fire Suppression Section 1 Detection and Alarm Systems

  2. 1. Importance of Fire Detection and Alarm Systems 1.1. Time Element 1.2. Notification a. Type A Manual Alarm b. Type B Automatic Alarm 1.3. Activation Note: Studies with children and notification!

  3. 2. Types of Detectors 2.1. There are three broad classifications of fire detection: Heat, Smoke & Flame Detectors. 2.2. Fire Detectors are used in a variety of fire prevention and suppression systems.

  4. 3. Classification of Heat Detectors 3.1. Heat Detectors respond to the excess heat generated in a fire 3.2. Two subclassifications based on operation 3.2.1. Fixed Temperature which operate at predetermined temperature 3.2.2. Rate of Rise operate based on a specified rate of temperature rise (degrees/min.)

  5. 4. Smoke Detectors 4.1. Smoke detectors respond to the presence of smoke 4.2. General Information

  6. 4.3. Classifications of Smoke Detectors 4.3. Two Classifications 4.3.1. Photoelectric smoke detectors 4.3.2. Ionization smoke detectors

  7. 4.3. Classifications of Smoke Detectors 4.3.1. Photoelectric smoke detectors

  8. 4.3. Classifications of Smoke Detectors 4.3.2. Ionization smoke detectors

  9. VS 19-2 PROPER LOCATION OF SMOKE DETECTORS On Each Level of House Outside Sleeping Areas Dining Kitchen BR BR Bedroom No. 1 Bedroom No. 2 Hallway Dining Room Living Room Bath Basement Living Room Entry Master Bedroom

  10. VS 19-3 PROPER MOUNTING OF SMOKE DETECTORS Horizontal Distance from Peak No Closer than 4 inches (102 mm) From Side Wall Best in Center of Ceiling Dead Air Space Mount on Wall at least 4 inches (102 mm) from ceiling No more than 12 inches (305 mm) from ceiling 3 Feet (1m) Best Location Acceptable Location

  11. 5. Flame Detectors 5.1. Flame detectors respond to the presence of a flame 5.2. General Information 5.3. Principle of Operation

  12. 6.0 Placement of Fire Detectors 6.1. In general, fire detectors are normally placed on the ceiling or within 12" of ceiling 6.2. Where possible the detectors should be located throughout entire building

  13. 6.0 Placement of Fire Detectors Cont’d 6.3. Spacing of detectors will vary based on several factors 6.4. Connection to Remote Locations 6.5. Testing & Maintenance of fire detectors

  14. 7.0 Components to a Fire Alarm System 7.1. Power supply 7.2. Detectors & manual pull boxes 7.3. Signal supervisors

  15. 7.0 Components to a Fire Alarm System Cont’d 7.4. Local Alarms 7.5. Indicator Boards 7.6. Reference for Alarm Systems

  16. Unit 3 Fire Suppression Section 2 “Fixed Extinguishment Systems”

  17. 1. Introduction to Sprinkler Systems 1.1. Effectiveness of Sprinkler Systems 1.2.Function of Sprinklers 1.3.Advantages of Sprinklers 1.4. Cost of Sprinklers

  18. 2. Types of sprinkler systems 2.1. There are four major classifications of sprinkler systems

  19. 2. Types of sprinkler systems 2.2. Wet-pipe Systems   2.2.1. Operation of system

  20. 2. Types of sprinkler systems 2.3.Dry Pipe System 2.3.1.Operation of system

  21. Dry Pipe System • Two question to ask: • activation / trip pressure for valve • is air pressure greater than activation/trip pressure (should be 10 – 15 psi greater) Activation/Trip pressure = 40 psi Air Air pressure should be 50 – 55 psi Water Activation/Trip pressure set by the manufacture 70 psi

  22. 2. Types of sprinkler systems 2.4. Pre-action Systems   2.4.1. Operation of System   2.4.2. Advantages over dry- pipe system 2.4.3. Disadvantage--two systems must both function properly

  23. 2. Types of sprinkler systems 2.5. Deluge sprinkler system 2.5.1.Operation of system 2.5.2. Uses of Deluge System

  24. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.Water Supplies   3.1.1. Types of water supplies ·Public Water ·Pressure Tanks

  25. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.1. Types of water supplies • Gravity feed from tank Easier for water to flow down than up

  26. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.1. Types of water supplies ·Fire pumps ·Fire Department Connections

  27. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.2. Amount of water supply a. Hazard of Occupancy—most important ·Light hazard class ·Ordinary hazard class Group 1 Group 2 · Extra hazard class Group 1 Group 2

  28. Basic Sprinkler System Components a. Hazard of occupancy

  29. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.2. Amount of water supply b. Obstructions to water delivery c. High ceilings d. Unprotected vertical openings between floors e. Division of spaces

  30. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.1.3. Calculating water supply Q = k √P Where: Q = supply (GPM) k = coefficient of orifice (inside pipe size) P = pressure (PSI)

  31. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.2. Sprinkler Piping 3.2.1. The piping and type of valve will vary depending on type of system 3.2.2. Types of piping 3.2.3. Hydraulic design of systems

  32. SPRINKLER PIPING riser(alarms, water flow valve, sprinkler valve) tank (or natural water supply yard main6” – 8”always below freeze line cross main “open” or “closed” should be “open” feed main branch lines sprinkler head post indicator valve pad lock unlock to close valve public water supply - 8” – 12”

  33. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.3. Sprinkler Valves  3.3.1. The purpose of a sprinkler valve is to retain & control flow of water and to isolate individual risers.

  34. VS 15-4 CONTROL VALVE LOCATION Every system will have two valves: a main water control valve and a sprinkler valve. The main control valve should always be in the OPEN position. Main Control Valve (OS&Y)

  35. VS 15-5 TYPES OF CONTROL VALVES OS&Y (Outside Screw and Yoke) PIV (Post Indicator Valve) WPIV (Wall Post Indicator Valve)

  36. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.4. Alarms on Sprinkler Systems 3.4.1. Every sprinkler system should have an alarm that sounds when water flows through the system. 3.4.2.Types of Alarms 3.4.3. Supervisory signals

  37. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.5. Test Connections 3.5.1.Two Inch Drain Test 3.5.2. Inspectors Test Connection

  38. 3.6. Sprinkler Heads 3.6.1. Operating Principle Deflector Frame Arms Release Mechanism (Fusible Link) Lever Arms Valve Cap

  39. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.6.Sprinkler Heads 3.6.2. Type based on position

  40. VS 15-3 SPRINKLER DESIGNS Pendant Upright Sidewall

  41. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.6.Sprinkler Heads 3.6.3. Type based on activation a. Solder-link   b. Frangible bulb   c. Fusible pellet

  42. VS 15-2 RELEASING MECHANISMS Fusible Link (Standard) Frangible Bulb Fusible Link (Quick Response) Chemical Pellet

  43. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.6.Sprinkler Heads 3.6.4. Deflectors   3.6.5. Flow rates

  44. VS 15-3 SPRINKLER DESIGNS Pendant Upright Sidewall

  45. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.6.Sprinkler Heads 3.6.6.Temperature rating of sprinkler heads Non-Colored  Ordinary  135-1700F White  Intermediate  175-2250F Blue  High  250-3000F Red  Extra High  325-3750F Green  Very High  400-4750F Orange  Ultra High  500-6500F

  46. 3. Basic Sprinkler System Components 3.6.Sprinkler Heads 3.6.7. Special service sprinkler heads

  47. 4. Location and Spacing of Sprinklers 4.1.Fundamental rule   4.2. Reference on location and spacing: NFPA code 13, Sprinkler Standards

  48. 4. Location and spacing of sprinklers 4.3. Spacing depends on the class of hazard of occupancy and the type of ceiling construction 4.3.1. Light hazard - 15' maximum between sprinklers   4.3.2. Ordinary hazard - 12-15' ft. depending on use of area   4.3.3. Extra hazard - 12' maximum

  49. 4. Location and spacing of sprinklers 4.4. Sprinklers must also be spaced so that each sprinkler does not protect more than a specified area: 4.4.1. Light hazard occupancy—floor area/sprinkler maximumof 130-200 square feet, depending on type of ceiling 4.4.2. Ordinary hazard occupancy--max. area per sprinkler 100-130 square feet, depending on use of space 4.4.3. Extra hazard occupancy--90 square feet sprinkler maximum Extra High Hazard 90 ft2

  50. 4. Location and spacing of sprinklers 4.5. Determine protection area for sprinkler heads using the following formula: As = S X L Where “S” is the distance between heads on the lines and “L” is the distance between branch lines.

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