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India 1914-91

India 1914-91. By Gabe Brennaman. Independence struggle. The British controlled India’s government Claimed to be preparing India for democracy in 1917 Diarchy was created and transferred some power to Indian elected legislators at the provincial level

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India 1914-91

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  1. India 1914-91 By Gabe Brennaman

  2. Independence struggle • The British controlled India’s government • Claimed to be preparing India for democracy in 1917 • Diarchy was created and transferred some power to Indian elected legislators at the provincial level • Britain had trouble deciding whether it wanted India to be a democracy or its colony • The British Indecisiveness led to the Amritsar massacre where almost 400 Indians were shot and killed • The British government lost its legitimacy and the Indian people could no longer tolerate British rule

  3. Gandhi in South Africa • Gandhi becomes the face of India’s revolution against the British • Gandhi was a Hindu • Gandhi experienced racism in South Africa • Gandhi saw how the Indian community suffered in South Africa • Remained in South Africa for 22 years • Gandhi was against violence so he used a passive resistance • Had limited success in South Africa

  4. Gandhi in India • Gandhi made alliances with regional leaders in India • Became a good friend of the well respected Nehru • Gandhi failed in befriending the main Muslim leader who wanted to create an independent Muslim nation • Gandhi considers letting the Muslims break away into Pakistan as his greatest failure • Gandhi also worked to end untouchability by renaming them sons of god which failed • Created scheduled castes that reserved government positions for different classes • Gandhi started a prohibition to ban drinks with alcohol which only created problems • Gandhi supported appropriate technology which supported labor intensive small scale technologies

  5. Gandhi's campaigns for independence • Gandhi started major boycotts in 1920 in which he and his followers did not pay taxes or support or consume any British exports • Gandhi then started the salt march campaign which showed the world Britain's lack of control • In 1942 he started the quit India campaign but despite all these campaigns the British did not give in until 1947

  6. Friction between India and Pakistan • Pakistan was created for the Muslims in India who did not want to live under Hindu government • Pakistan was divided into wings east and west • 12 million people shifted homes with six million Hindus leaving west or east Pakistan and 6 million Muslims leaving India for Pakistan • Almost no Hindus live in Pakistan but in India 10 percent of its population remained Muslim • The transfer was bloody and 200,000 million people were murdered in the process • These two countries fought over Kashmir a Northern state in which India took the rich side and Pakistan took the poor side • Bangladesh then eventually brook away from Pakistan and formed a separate country but were still Muslim • Pakistan and India are still hostile toward each other

  7. Democracy under IndiraGandhi • After Independence India became a democracy • Communist parties were elected in some states such as west Bengal which was the first ever elected communist government • The Indians were never capitalists • Indira Gandhi made her motto down with poverty • Helped create Bangladesh • Used political manipulation to her benefit when she declared a state of emergency and jailed the party that was about to replace her in power • She made herself dictator for two years • Voted out of office in 1977 • She was re-elected and in 1980 and once again used her power to manipulate the congress • She was assassinated in 1984 by members of her body guard

  8. Change after Indira Gandhi • The sex ratio in 1991 was 927 women per every 1,000 men • Suicide rates for women in India were the highest in the world • Literacy rates rose • Women’s jobs began to be replaced by machines • To counteract this woman would all pitch in money to start businesses as a group • Between the 1970s and the 1990s rice production was tripled • The rich got richer but the poor weren't getting poorer but unfortunately this caused major social tensions in India • India tried to use family planning to control there amazingly fast growing population but this only slowed it down slightly and they remained the fastest growing in the world • India tried to Industrialize but this caused there economy to become almost free market

  9. Terms • swadeshi: A Hindi word used as a slogan for the Indian boycott against foreign goods in 1905 • harijan: Term meaning children of god. Applied by Gandhi to the lowest class including untouchables who did not like this name • dalit: meaning oppressed person. Untouchables preferred this name • satyagraha: an expression meaning truth force. Part of Gandhi’s policy for non-violence • patrilineal: Inheritance through male line • patrilocal: residence by a couple in the home of the males family • Sati: Hindu custom where the widows burn themselves after the husbands death

  10. Terms • Satahirya • Duma

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