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Transport Tycoon 3D

Transport Tycoon 3D. Adam Miles . What is “Transport Tycoon”?. Transport Tycoon Deluxe (TTD): Written by Chris Sawyer for Microprose in 1994. Written almost entirely in Assembly language. Designed for MSDOS, sprites, 8bit graphics, MIDI. Earn money by transporting passengers and cargo.

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Transport Tycoon 3D

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  1. Transport Tycoon 3D Adam Miles

  2. What is “Transport Tycoon”? • Transport Tycoon Deluxe (TTD): • Written by Chris Sawyer for Microprose in 1994. • Written almost entirely in Assembly language. • Designed for MSDOS, sprites, 8bit graphics, MIDI. • Earn money by transporting passengers and cargo. • Build road/rail networks, planes and ships. • Compete against up to 7 AI players. • World size fixed to 256 x 256 tiles.

  3. Transport Tycoon Deluxe

  4. Transport Tycoon Deluxe

  5. OpenTTD • 2D Clone of Transport Tycoon Deluxe. • OpenTTD: • Disassembled TTD, rewritten in C. • Uses original graphics files, legality in question. • Significant feature enhancements: • World size increased up to 2048 x 2048. • “… an AI that is actually worthy of its name” • LAN and Internet multiplayer. • Customisable graphics.

  6. Transport Tycoon 3D • 3D Clone of Transport Tycoon Deluxe. • TT3D: • Completely rewritten from scratch. • Fully 3D game world. • Written in C# and Managed DirectX 9.0c. • Larger map sizes – 512 x 512. • Industries and Road Network.

  7. TT3D – 3D Engine • Managed DirectX 9.0c – C# • Terrain • Tilemap • Any size - non powers of 2 width/length if desired. • Chunked – draws only the terrain in your locality. • Texturing and Highlighting. • Landscaping – per vertex height variation. • ‘Pickable’: • Tile • Vertex • Side of a tile

  8. TT3D – 3D Engine

  9. TT3D – 3D Engine • Textured Meshes • Positionable • Rotatable • Scalable • ‘Instanced’…

  10. TT3D – 3D Engine: Instancing • What does Hardware Instancing do? • Draws many copies of identical objects – 1 draw call • Why use instancing? • ‘Small Batch’ problem in DirectX 9. • Every draw call goes via the CPU. • Lots of draw calls maxes out CPU – low frame rate. • A single draw call for all identical objects is the solution. • Memory savings when compared to Shader Instancing. • How does it work? • Multiple streams of data when rendering. • Stream 0 = Mesh Data (Vertices). • Stream 1 = Position Data (Vector4 – x, y, z. w is unused). • Stream 2 = Rotation Data (Vector4 – x, y, z. w is unused).

  11. TT3D – 3D Engine: Instancing

  12. TT3D – 3D Engine: Performance

  13. TT3D – Gameplay • What is implemented in TT3D? • Road/Tunnel Construction • Depot/Station Construction • Vehicle Construction • Maintenance costs • Pathfinding • Landscaping • Industries • Cargo Delivery • Earn Money • GUI – Fully fledged Window and Control system.

  14. TT3D – Road Network • Grid-based system • Half / Full Straight Road • Corner • T-Junction • Crossroads • 3D Bi-directional Graph • ‘Nodes’ are located on corners and junctions. • Vehicles given a path to follow: Node -> Node. • Kept in its most optimal state. • Allows for one-way streets.

  15. TT3D – Road Network: Pathfinding • A* Pathfinding • Provides ‘shortest-path’ capability on the graph. • How does it work? • Uses a cost + ‘best-case’ heuristic. • List of potential routes, explore the best looking. • When best-case for Route A becomes worse than Route B, explore Route B. • Repeat until such a time that: • Destination is found. • All potential routes have been explored, no path at all. • In-game demonstration/explanation later…

  16. TT3D – Landscaping • Grid-based system • Rules: • No vertex may be > 1 unit above/below a neighbour. • No vertex may descend below zero. • Edge of the map must remain at zero. • Algorithm was recursive… • Large pyramids resulted in stack overflow… • Redesigned without recursion. • Can still get slow on very large pyramids. • Once again, demonstration/explanation later…

  17. TT3D – Landscaping • Grid-based system

  18. TT3D – Graphical User Interface (GUI) • TT3D implements:

  19. TT3D – GUI: View Window • Provides functionality to view and render a “window” on another part of the world. • Used on vehicle windows to follow them around the world. • How does it work? • Create a second camera. • Render the world to a texture using the new camera. • Draw the texture to the screen • Present the final image.

  20. TT3D – Challenges • Terrain • Performance • Rewritten from scratch ~ 5 times. • 1 draw call per tile… • 1 draw call for the entire terrain. • Beginning to near theoretical limit of the GPU. • Road Network • Maintaining the graph optimally. • 3 dimensions: Tunnels/Bridges.

  21. TT3D – Future Work… • List is almost endless… • Railways, Ships, Aircraft • Towns • Terrain generation • Save Games • Multiplayer – LAN / Internet • AI / Computer players • Lighting • Artwork • Etc…

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