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Purpose

Short-Term Effect of Plyometrics and Strength Training with and without Superimposed Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Strength and Anaerobic Performance. Purpose.

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Purpose

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  1. Short-Term Effect of Plyometrics and Strength Training with and without Superimposed Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Strength and Anaerobic Performance

  2. Purpose • Compare the effects of combined strength & plyometric training with or without superimposed electromyostimulation (EMS) on muscle strength and anaerobic power. • Superimposed EMS= performing a voluntary contraction while EMS is applied simultaneously.

  3. Why? • Shown in previous studies: • Superimposed EMS alone leads to ↓ Vertical Jump → Sprint Time ↑ Muscle Strength -Isometric EMS + Plyometrics leads to ↑ Vertical Jump ↓ Sprint Time ↑ Muscle Strength

  4. Why continued… • However, since pain is the limiting factor for isometric EMS, intense pain and discomfort can inhibit this type of training. • It is shown that when a voluntary contraction is performed while EMS is applied, pain and discomfort can be greatly reduced. • Greater anaerobic gains possible?

  5. Hypothesis • Combining SEMS + Plyometric training should enhance anaerobic performance. SEMS + Plyos = ↑ Vertical Jump ↓ Sprint Time

  6. Study Design • A randomized, controlled trial with 2 treatment groups and 1 control group with repeated measures outcome assessments over a 6-week period • 29 male, physical education students volunteered for the study. • Grouping • Weight + Plyos + EMS (EP group) • Weight + Plyos (VP group) • No treatment (CG/control group)

  7. Methods • Independent variables: Time the measurements were taken (Before, 3 to 4 days after, and 2 weeks after training) • Dependant variables: • Maximal Voluntary Contraction [Leg Extension] (MVC) • Squat Jump (SJ) • Counter-movement jump (CMJ) • Counter-movement jump w/ free arms (CMJA) • Sprint Time (ST)

  8. Results • Weights + Plyos with or without superimposed EMS • Increased muscle strength • Improved sprint performance • Did not modify vertical jump (except in CMJA where a decrease was observed • The increment in muscle strength increase was greater for the group with EMS added versus voluntary training alone.

  9. Results

  10. External Validity • Generalize to untrained subjects. Results may vary for trained individuals. • Its possible that you would see more dramatic gains when using untrained over trained subjects. • The only positive relationship is with the muscle strength and sprint time. • We see a negative relationship with the countermovement jump with arms. • There an insignificant relationship with the squat jump because it’s the same as the control group as well as the countermovement jump with out arms. • It was a sample of convenience that was taken from a physical education department . • The subjects were randomly assigned to each one of the control groups.

  11. Internal Validity • Has temporal precedence . • Has co variation of cause and effect. • No single group threat because there were three different groups. • There is no multiple group threat as well because there was random assignment. • Compensatory rivalry, the VP could have found out that they weren’t getting EMS treatment so they tried harder. • Showed greater improvement on both the counter movement jumps.

  12. Study design R Pre x1 Post… Post R Pre x2 Post… Post R Pre Post… Post

  13. Construct Validity • Mono-operation bias • Leg extension • Plyometrics • Social threats • Confounding constructs/levels of constructs • Mono-method bias

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