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CH 13, Sect. 2 – Africa in the Age of Transition.

CH 13, Sect. 2 – Africa in the Age of Transition. Portugal was the first European country to enslave Africans. Slaves work on sugar plantations on islands off the coast of Africa. Demand for slaves went up because of sugar cane production and discovery of the Americas.

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CH 13, Sect. 2 – Africa in the Age of Transition.

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  1. CH 13, Sect. 2 – Africa in the Age of Transition. • Portugal was the first European country to enslave Africans. Slaves work on sugar plantations on islands off the coast of Africa. • Demand for slaves went up because of sugar cane production and discovery of the Americas.

  2. Plantations – large agricultural estates. • At first Native American labor was used, but most died from disease and mistreatment. • This resulted in a demand for African slaves to work on the plantations.

  3. 1518 – Spain brings the first African slaves to the Americas. Triangular Trade: Europe to Africa = Manufactured goods such as guns, cloth. Africa to the Americas = Slaves Americas to Europe = Raw materials such as tobacco, sugar, cotton.

  4. Estimated as many as 10 million African slaves were brought to the Americas between the 1500’s – 1800’s. • Middle Passage: Journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas. • Brutal conditions on ships. • High death rates from disease, starvation, mistreatment, suicide.

  5. How were slaves obtained: • Europeans traded goods to African kingdoms for their slaves. • As demand went up, African slave traders then raided inland to capture more slaves.

  6. Impact of the slave trade: • Parts of West Africa were depopulated. • Families separated forever. • Warfare between slave traders and African kingdoms to obtain slaves. • Benin – society in W. Africa, culture and art was wiped out by slave trade.

  7. Missionary efforts by Europeans: • Portuguese attempted to spread Christianity to Africans. • The English, Dutch, and French focused only on the slave trade, not converting Africans to Christianity. • As a result, Islam takes hold in N. Africa and parts of W. Africa.

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