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RICH Detector for the EIC’s Forward Region Particle Identification (RD2013-4)

RICH Detector for the EIC’s Forward Region Particle Identification (RD2013-4). F. Barbosa, W. Brooks, M . Contalbrigo, A. Datta, M . Demarteau, J.M . Durham , D. Fields, X. He, H.van Hecke(co-PI ), J. Huang, M . Liu, J. McKisson, Y . Qiang(co-PI), P. Rossi, M. Sarsour,

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RICH Detector for the EIC’s Forward Region Particle Identification (RD2013-4)

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  1. RICH Detector for the EIC’s Forward Region Particle Identification (RD2013-4) F. Barbosa, W. Brooks, M. Contalbrigo, A. Datta, M. Demarteau, J.M. Durham, D. Fields, X. He, H.van Hecke(co-PI), J. Huang, M. Liu, J. McKisson, Y. Qiang(co-PI), P. Rossi, M. Sarsour, R. Wagner, W. Xi, L. Xue, Z. Zhao, C. Zorn an EIC R&D Proposal – July 21, 2014

  2. Changes from Previous Proposal … The proponents are highly accomplished and respected members of the community with the relevant experience to execute the work proposed. … Each proposing institution is a National Lab with significant technical resources and personpower, however the amount of personpower that can be assigned to carry out this work, beyond the personpower requested, is absent from the proposal. … With the addition of a full accounting of the personpower available to carry out the work proposed, the Committee would welcome a resubmission of this proposal. – Report of the EIC Detector Advisory Committee EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  3. Overview EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  4. EIC PID Requirements • Very rich physics program: • Nucleon tomography and spin structure • Quark hadronization • Spectroscopy • Many more … • Dedicated EIC machine and spectrometer • Hermetic detector system • Large momentum range • Multi-particle detection in final states EM Calorimeter EM Calorimeter Barrel EM Calorimeter RICH Detector Cherenkov Counter Tracking Ion beam electron beam TOF/DIRC Magnet 9 m EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  5. Hadron Identification in SIDIS • Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) • Golden channel to study spin-orbital correlation through transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) • K/π identification in Forward(Backward) region: • 0 – 15 GeV, 4-σ separation K/π ratio Forward Backward EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  6. Choice of Technologies • Multiple technologies are needed • 0 – 3 GeV: Time-of-flight • 3 – 10 GeV: Aerogel RICH (Used in HERMES, LHCb, AMS, BELLE …) • 10 – 15 GeV: heavy gas • C4F10/C4F8O RICH • good light yield • CF4threshold counter • needs aerogel to veto protons • can cover much higher range as RICH EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  7. Dual Radiator Concepts • MEIC design geometry constraint: ~150 cm length • Focusing RICH • Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV • C4F10: 10 – 20 GeV • Focused by a Fresnel lens • absorbs scattered UV lights • Readout resolution: < 2 mm • Proximity Focusing • Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV • CF4 threshold counter: 8 – 17 GeV • signals from readout window mixed with photons from CF4 • Readout resolution: < 4 mm EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  8. Modular Concept • Focusing aerogel RICH • Compact size • 10 ~ 20 thick, fits the eRHICdesign • Single aerogel radiator • covers 3 – 10 GeV • needs to be paired with another gas RICH (e.g. RD6) • Focusing Fresnel lens • Readout resolution: < 0.5 mm • Modular design • Can be tiled to cover different geometries for various experiments 10 ~ 20 cm Photosensor Aerogel Lens EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  9. Status of Aerogel Development Transmittance: Scattering length: • Aerogel strongly scatters UV lights • Major developing groups • Novosibirsk, Russia – hydrophilic • Chiba, Japan – Hydrophobic • Aspen, US • Slowly being improved • Russia – more stable • Japan – needs more tuning EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  10. MCP-based LAPPD large area photocathode ALD MCP 1.2 mm 20 μm pore vacuum transfer system 6×6 cm2 20×20 cm2 15 GS/s waveform sampling DAQ transmission line readout EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  11. TOF Coverage using LAPPD • Excellent time resolution provides additional PID coverage for low momentum • Single photon time resolution < 44 ps • Cherenkov lights from both radiators and window glass −−− K/π −−− K/p time (ns) 4-σ separation up to 4 GeV Expected TOF resolution ~ 20 ps EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  12. GEM-based Readout • Photosensitive GEM • Good position resolution for modular RICH design • CsI-coated GEM detector developed for hadron blinded-detector (HBD) and gas RICH (RD6) • CsI only sensitive to UV light, not suitable for aerogel • Bi-alkali coating possible, very sensitive to operating gas – development needed • Promising group of III-V semiconductor materials • Tunable wavelength range • Stable in air • May also be applied to LAPPD ! … … … … EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  13. Center for High Tech Materials at UNM first samples received! crystal growth – MBE system current seen ! EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  14. Goal and Major Tasks • An exploratory two-year project • Determine the optimal detector technology and provide a conceptual design of a RICH detector for the EIC EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  15. Detector Simulation • Goals • Obtain requirements on various components of the RICH detector in a realistic EIC environment • Aid the development of the conceptual design • Participants – 1.3 FTE • JLab: one postdoc (25%), Yi Qiang (10%) • GSU: Liang Xue (25%), one graduate student (50%) • JLab/ODU: Zhiwen Zhao (10%) • BNL: Jin Huang (10%) • Remarks • Use existing MEIC-GEMC framework with author’s support EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  16. MCP-based LAPPD • Goals • Investigate the applicability of LAPPD units • photodetection efficiency, dark rate, resolution, rate capability, radiation, field etc. • Improve performance if needed • rate capability, readout ambiguity etc. • Participants – 1.75/2.05 FTE • JLab: one postdoc (45%), Yi Qiang (30%), Carl Zorn (20%), Fernando Barbosa (0/10%), Jack McKisson (0/10%), Wenze Xi (0/10%) • ANL: Jingbo Wang (20%) and Robert Wagner (10%) • UTFSM: one graduate student (50%) • Remarks • Testing facilities, radiation sources, magnets available at JLab • LAPPD R&D facilities available at ANL • Common interests with JLab’s GlueX-DIRC project • Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF), RD2011-3 (DIRC) EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  17. Photosensitive GEM • Goals • Investigate and tuning the performance of different photocathode materials: semiconductor, bi-alkali • Determine the feasibility of applying these photocathode on GEMand LAPPD • Participants – 1.8 FTE • UNM: one postdoc (50%), one graduate student (100%), Douglas Fields (10%) • LANL: Hubert van Hecke (10%), Matt Durham (10%) • Remarks • Dedicated crystal growth facilities available at UNM’s CHTM • Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF) EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  18. Aerogel Tiles • Goal • Working closely with different aerogel research groups, Novosibirsk, Chiba, Aspen etc. to choose the optimal aerogel tiles for the EIC RICH detector • Participants – 0.7 FTE • JLab: one postdoc (30%), two summer students (20%), Yi Qiang (10%) • INFN: Marco Contalbrigo (10%) • Remarks • EIC-RICH project will motivate continuing research on aerogel with good optical qualities EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  19. Summary of Manpower and Cost blue – supported by research, operations or other sources bold – Leading personnel Total Cost: $ 309k / 265k Overhead included (year 1/year 2) EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  20. Summary • An aerogel-based RICH detector is proposed to provide necessary hadron identification in the EIC’s forward region • A two-year joint effort is planned to investigate various technologies, find optimal solution and provide a conceptual design for such a detector • Two design options will be evaluated: dual-radiator RICH for maximum coverage and modular aerogel RICH for maximum flexibility • Two economical novel readout options will be studied: MCP-based LAPPD and GEM-based readout • The success of the project will become the base of the development of an EIC-RICH prototype EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  21. EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang Backup Slides

  22. Options for Readout EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  23. Budget (overhead included) • Most of the staff time is covered by Lab’s research funding or base operation By institutions By tasks EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  24. ALD Functionalized MCP micro-channel plate (MCP) Conventional Pb-glass MCP glass substrate + functionalized ALD layers atomic layer deposition (ALD) Conductive Layer Emissive Layer Resistive Layer • single material (Pb-glass): • higher cost • fragile • limited lifetime • good performance • lower cost • longer lifetime Glass Substrate by INCOM Borosilicate, 20 μm pores 1 mm thick EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  25. Solution to Forward PID • Multiple radiators are needed to cover the broad kinematic range • TOF + high-n radiator (aerogel) + low-n radiator (gas) • Can we combine them into one detector? SIDIS Event Efficiency EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  26. Background rate in ALD-MCP • Background rate of a 33 mm ALD-MCP with 20 μm pores and 1.2 mm thickness measured at 7×106 gain • 33 mm diameter • 20 μm pores, 1.2 mm thickness • 0.84 counts/cm2/s, comparable with comic ray • More test needed for full assembly with photocathode 33 mm Background hits over 3000 s EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  27. Magnetic Field Tolerance of MCPs Typical field response of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  28. Gain of MCP with different rates Measurement of an older 10 μm pore ALD-MCP with MgO emission layer Performance of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs 106 gain → 300 kHz/cm2– 15 MHz/cm2 EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  29. Lifetime of ALD-MCPs • Significant improvement with preconditioning over traditional MCPs • Possibility due to cleaner glass substrate with much less contamination to create ion backflow Lifetime of an older ALD-MCP pair (20 μm pore, MgO emission layer, 60:1 L/d, 8○ bias) compared with conventional MCPs ALD-MCP Conventional MCPs EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  30. Characterizating Aerogel Tiles Thickness mapping Spectrophotometer as light source Prism method for chromatic dispersion Gradient method for uniformity EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  31. Ring Images in Modular Design Tilted Incident Off-center Incident Normal Incident EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  32. Dual-Radiator RICH Simulation 5 GeV pions Simulation in GlueX Environment Cherenkov hits from 40 cm C4F10 and 0.5 mm glass Cherenkov hits from 3 cm aerogel EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

  33. EIC Data Flow Raw Data EVIO EVIO Physics Detector Calibration Reconstruction (JANA) Simulation (GEMC) EVIO EVIO Model Event Generator Text file (LUND) Smearing dual-solenoid in common cryostat 4 m coil Coil wall EM calorimeter e/π threshold Cherenkov EM calorimeter barrel DIRC + TOF RICH EVIO forward tracker forward tracker 3 m Si-pixel vertex + disks Cooked Data central tracker 1 m deep 2 m deep EM calorimeter (top view) 3 m 5 m EVIO Analysis EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

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