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The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing

The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing. Norman C. Leppla. University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology. Leppla’s Career in Insect Rearing. University of Arizona- Insect Rearing Research, 2 years USDA, ARS- Insectary Management, Florida & Texas, 17 years

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The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing

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  1. The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing Norman C. Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology

  2. Leppla’s Career inInsect Rearing • University of Arizona- Insect Rearing Research, 2 years • USDA, ARS- Insectary Management, Florida & Texas, 17 years • USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International, 7 years • University of Florida- Integrated Pest Management, 10 years

  3. Countries of Workshop Students

  4. Educational Background Entomology Agronomy PhD MS BS Plant Health High School Number of responses On the Job

  5. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects • Collection of appropriate biotypes • Colonization and strain development • Rearing proficiency • Colony management • Optimization • Strain replacement

  6. I. Introduction

  7. II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance II. A. Purposes for Rearing InsectsII. B. Types of Insect Rearing SystemsII. C. Options for Colonizing InsectsII. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

  8. II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

  9. II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies Painted Lady Monarch

  10. Insect Rearing Facilities Diet Preparation Building General Rearing Building

  11. State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms

  12. Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera Cabbage Looper Corn Earworm

  13. USDA, ARS Rearing Keith Halein Clarence Green Jack Rye Bill Fisher

  14. USDA, ARS Rearing Fred Adams Fred Adams Steve Carlyle

  15. Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time Annie Lorie Punky Rogers USDA, ARS Rearing

  16. Mass Rearing: Medfly Waimanalo, Hawaii Metapa, Mexico

  17. Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

  18. II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca (705) 541-5517

  19. World-wide listing- • 35 insect & 21 • nematode orders • Data submitted by • sources • Searchable • database • Expand clients • Adopt-a-colony http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

  20. Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

  21. Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

  22. II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

  23. Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

  24. Bonus: Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects • Apprentice in an insectary • Network with other professionals • Literature plus trial-and-error • Visit other insectaries • Reviews by experts • Education and Training programs

  25. First Training Program for Insectary Managers • Rearing Theory- Dietetics and nutrition, laboratory colonization, production, problems & solutions, quality assessment & performance, future of insect rearing as a scientific discipline • Rearing Practical- Biology, colony maintenance, production management • Insectary Management- Insect rearing management concept (IRM), planning, staff management

  26. Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLC • Rearing news • Research • Consultation • Educational programs • Quality control • Custom workshops http://www.insectdiets.com

  27. III. Monitoring Quality III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent QualityIII. C. Production, Process and Product Control

  28. III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests • Quantity- Number of Pupae/Adults • Size- Weight of Pupae • Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch • Rate of Development- Synchronization • Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity • Field Performance- Achieve Purpose

  29. III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count= Measurement (X) Mean= Sum/Number of Counts (X) Variance= Sum of Counts - X2 (V) Standard Deviation= Square Root of V (S)

  30. III. C. Production, Process and Product Control

  31. IV. Evaluation and Management IV. A. Structured Diagnostic ProceduresIV. B. Quality Control versus Methods ImprovementIV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review

  32. IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures

  33. IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Quality Control • Monitor indicator variables • Evaluate multiple variables • Troubleshoot using QC data • Conduct evaluations rapidly • Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement • Conduct evaluations methodically • Test one variable at a time • Use controlled experiments • Test results in the production system • Goal is to optimize production

  34. IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review • Terms of reference • Preparation • Seek to understand • Clarify • Reflect • Report • Feedback

  35. V. Guidelines for Quality Systems • Policy, Planning and Administration • Design Assurance and Change Control • Control of Purchased Materials • Production Quality Control • User Contact and Field Performance • Corrective Action • Employees- Select, Train and Motivate

  36. Global Quality Control Programs • Individual CompaniesCustomers • International StandardsISO 9000 ASTM IOBC Guidelines • The MarketplaceQuality Products

  37. to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management http://www.amrqc.org

  38. Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982 Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1984 Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1986 Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins 1988 Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins 1991 Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren 1992 Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler 1993 Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla 1995 Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla 1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley 2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and N. C. Leppla 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister 2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

  39. Improving Male Fruit Fly Performance • Abiotic environment • Holding Conditions • Release methods (knockdown, handling) • Biotic environment • Juvenile hormone (Methoprine, fenoxycarb) • Nutrients (sucrose, protein) • Semiochemicals (methyl eugenol, citrus oil) Insect Pest Control (IPC) *Model Business Plan for a Sterile Insect Production Facility http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/index.

  40. VI. Total Quality Management

  41. Total Quality Management in Insect Rearing

  42. Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References • Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. • Leppla, N. C. 2004. The Basics of Insect Rearing. Encyclopedia of Entomology. • Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. • Leppla, N. C. 2002. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

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