EXPANSION AND REFORM GPS 13, CHS. 16-18

1. EXPANSION AND REFORMGPS 13, CHS. 16-18 • SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era. • a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry. • b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements. • c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP. • d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker. • e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

2. EXPANSION AND REFORM: THE PROGRESSIVE ERA • TOPICS • 1. PROGRESSIVES - REFORMERS • 2. PROGRESSIVE REFORM (PAST EXS., J. ADDAMS, S. GOMPERS) • 3. STRUGGLE FOR EQUAL RIGHTS FOR BLACKS

3. EXPANSION AND REFORM: PROGRESSIVE ERA • 1.PROGRESSIVE ERA- period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920's. • 2. Responding to the changes brought about by industrialization, the Progressives advocated a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. • 3.Reforms included the income tax with the Sixteenth Amendment, direct election of Senators with the Seventeenth Amendment, Prohibition with the Eighteenth Amendment, and women's suffrage through the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

4. PROGRESSIVE ERA, LATE 1800S TO 1920 • 4. Progressives moved to enable the citizenry to rule more directly.

5. REFORMERS, MUCKRAKERS • 1. MUCKRAKERS: REFORMERS WHO EXPOSED THE “DIRT” IN POLITICS, LABOR, AND BIG BUSINESS • 2. A muckraker is an individual who seeks to expose or reveal the real or apparent corruption of businesses or governments to the public.

6. FAMOUS MUCKRAKERS • 1. UPTON SINCLAIR • 2. IDA TARBELL

7. The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by author and socialistjournalistUpton Sinclair. It was written about the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones the poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the "have-nots", which is contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption on the part of the "haves". UPTON SINCLAIR FAMOUS MUCKRAKERS

8. 1. Reform efforts, coupled with the public outcry, led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which established the Food and Drug Administration. The Jungle, 1906 UPTON SINCLAIR

9. 1. She was known as one of the leading "muckrakers" of her day, work known in modern times in the progressive era as "investigative journalism." She wrote many notable magazine series and biographies. She is best-known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company. 2. Exposed political corruption and unfair business practices by Standard Oil 3. Result: U.S. govt broke up Standard Oil Trust IDA TARBEL

10. PROGRESSIVE REFORMS • 1. GOALS RELATED TO IMPROVING PEOPLE’S LIVES • 1)PROTECTING SOCIAL WELFARE • 2)PROMOTING MORAL IMPROVEMENT • 3)CREATING ECONONIC REFORM • 4)FOSTERING EFFICIENCY

11. REFORM, EXAMPLES • 1. HULL HOUSE, JANE ADDAMS • 2. ELECTION REFORMS • 1) INITIATIVE-VOTERS FORCE A VOTE ON AN ISSUE BY COLLECTING SIGNATURES • 2)SUPPORT FOR INITIATIVE RESULTS IN REFERENDUM, A VOTE • 3)RECALL, REMOVING PUBLIC OFFICIAL FROM OFFICE

12. REFORM, EXAMPLES • 4)DIRECT ELECTION OF U.S. SENATORS, AMENDMENT 17 TO USC

13. RIGHTS FOR BLACK AMERICANS • 1. BLACKS, DENIED RIGHTS • 2. SEGREGATION AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION PRACTICED WITH JIM CROW LAWS • 3. SCOTUS AFFIRMED SEGREGATION WITH PLESSY V. FERGUSON CASE. • 1)SEPARATE BUT EQUAL, LAWFUL • 4. RESULT: FOUNDING OF NAACP • 5. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE