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Microsoft Virtualization Deep Dive

Microsoft Virtualization Deep Dive. Shai Ofek Principal Technology Architect Windows Server Division, PMG shai.ofek@microsoft.com. Current and Future Architecture. Topics Reviewed. Virtualization Characterization Virtual Server 2005 R2 Architecture

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Microsoft Virtualization Deep Dive

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  1. Microsoft Virtualization Deep Dive Shai Ofek Principal Technology Architect Windows Server Division, PMG shai.ofek@microsoft.com Current and Future Architecture

  2. Topics Reviewed Virtualization Characterization Virtual Server 2005 R2 Architecture Windows Server Virtualization Architecture

  3. Virtualization Characterization From IBM System Virtualization Engine: “There are two types of hypervisors” Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the system hardware Type 2 hypervisors run on a host operating system that provides virtualization services, such as I/O device support and memory management

  4. VMM Arrangements Type-2 VMM Hybrid VMM Type-1 VMM(Hypervisor) Guest 1 Guest 2 VMM Guest 1 Guest 2 Guest 1 Guest 2 Host OS Host OS VMM VMM Hardware Hardware Hardware Examples: JVMCLR Examples: Virtual PC & Virtual Server 2005 R2 Examples:Windows Virtualization In Production today In Beta Q4 2006

  5. Virtual Server R2: Enhancements (1 of 4) Greater Scalability with 64-bit x64 hosts – 32-bit guests Windows Server 2003 Standard x64 Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise x64 Edition Windows XP Professional x64 Edition 64-bit port of Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) and service Better scaling from larger kernel address space x64 systems typically can have more RAM Increased Performance Improved shadow page table management Improved performance of guest process switching and memory intensive application SQL team reported 100% performance improvement over R1 Exchange team reported 105% performance improvement over R1 65% increase in internal memory tests Early customer saw a 50% drop in CPU utilization

  6. Virtual Server R2: Enhancements (2 of 4) HigherAvailability Virtual Server R2 Host Cluster support The ability to cluster Virtual Server hosts Virtual Server host clustering uses Windows Server 2003 EE/DTC clustering Supports FC-SAN and iSCSI-SAN or direct attached storage Planned downtime: Servicing the host hardware or patching the host operating system. Virtual Machines (VMs) can be moved from one cluster node to another with minimal downtime <10 seconds to move 128 MB vm via 1GbE iSCSI (1 spindle) <4 seconds to move 512 MB vm via 2Gb FC (3 spindles) <8 seconds to move 1 GB vm via 2Gb FC (3 spindles) Unplanned downtime: Failover to another cluster node due to hardware failure Other benefits: Guest operating system-agnostic FREE http://www.microsoft.com/virtualserver

  7. Virtual Server R2: Enhancements (3 of 4)Virtual Server 2005 R2 Host Clustering (planned downtime) Administrator wants to update node 1 with Windows Server Update Services Microsoft Cluster Administration Console saves the state of virtual machines and restores them on another node Node 1 is ready for update installation VM VM VM WSUS server Shared Storage Node 1 Node 2 Node 3

  8. Virtual Server R2: Enhancements (4 of 4)Virtual Server 2005 R2 Host Clustering (unplanned downtime) Node 1 suffers a power outage or a network failure A simple script attached to the Microsoft Cluster Administration Console notices the lack of heartbeat and starts the virtual machines associated with node 1 on other nodes VM VM VM Shared Storage Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 X

  9. What’s New in SP1? Over 10,000 downloads of Beta 1 Beta 1 Features: Intel VT (IVT) support Service connection points support > 64 VM support (x64 hosts only) Emulated SCSI bug fix for Linux guests Virtual Server host clustering step-by-step guide Larger default size for dynamically expanding virtual hard disks Beta 2 Features: AMD-V support Service connection points support Volume Shadow Service (VSS) support Offline hard disk mounting service Milestones: Beta 2 publicly available as of 30/08/2006 Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 scheduled to ship in early H1/CY07

  10. VSS Support Virtual Server R2 SP1 is VSS-aware Now a new option for backups Previously had to install agent inside each VM, or shutdown all VMs and back up the VHD Technology is now implemented Live backup capability support is being incorporated by backup vendors

  11. Offline VHD Mounting One of the most requested features Mount a VHD on the host’s file system Offline manipulation of contents of the VHD Inject files Not a solution for offline patching Virtualization team working with patching team regarding the offline-patching scenario

  12. Summary Virtual Server 2005 R2 – Shipping today Released Q4 2004 Well received in the industry Used for production server consolidation Remote management of virtual machine operations Great perf gains and functionality enhancement in SP1 64-bit host support, PXE support, and others 12

  13. Monolithic vs. Microkernelized Monolithic hypervisor Simpler than a modern kernel, but still complex Contains its own drivers model Microkernelized hypervisor Simple partitioning functionality Increase reliability and minimize TCB No third-party code Drivers run within guests Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers VM 1 (“Admin”) VM 2 VM 3 VM 2 (“Child”) VM 3 (“Child”) VM 1(“Parent”) Virtual- ization Stack Hypervisor Hypervisor Hardware Hardware

  14. Windows Server Virtualization Virtualization for Windows Server Windows hypervisor Uses Intel VT and AMD “Pacifica” virtualization extensions Very thin layer of software below all OSes Provides basic mechanisms for creating partitions Does not contain device drivers Virtualization stack Runs as a foundation role with a minimal set of components Provides the virtualization and emulation of devices WMI interface for management and configuration Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs) Hardware sharing architecture Microsoft will provide storage, network, video, USB, input, time

  15. Windows Server Virtualization Some proposed features 32-bit and 64-bit guests x64-only hosts Guest multiprocessing Virtualized devices WMI management and control API Save & restore Snapshotting CPU and I/O resource controls Tuning for NUMA Dynamic resource addition & removal Live migration

  16. Hardware Requirements First release of Windows Server Virtualization Processor Virtualization extensions 64-bit address extensions Potential requirements for specific features in subsequent releases Devices Direct Device Assignment IOMMU DMA protections Security Secure Launch with TPM support

  17. Virtualization Stack Windows Server Virtualization Architectural Overview Parent Partition Child Partitions Provided by: Windows Applications Windows Virtualization VM WorkerProcesses WMI Provider VMService ISV User Mode OEM WindowsKernel WindowsKernel VirtualizationServiceProviders(VSPs) Server Core IHVDrivers Kernel Mode Windows hypervisor “Designed for Windows” Server Hardware with PVE VirtualizationServiceClients(VSCs) Enlightenments VMBus

  18. The Hypervisor Very thin layer of software Highly reliable Much smaller Trusted Computing Base (TCB) No built-in driver model Leverage the large base of Windows drivers Drivers run in a partition Will have a well-defined, published interface Allow others to create support for their OS’s as guests Hardware virtualization assists are required Intel Virtualization Technology AMD “Pacifica”

  19. Hypervisor Design Goals Strong Isolation Security Performance Virtualization support …and … Simplicity Restrict activities to monitoringand enforcing Where possible, push policy up Parent Partition Child Partition Child Partition Apps Apps Apps ServerCore OS 2 OS 1 Windows hypervisor Hardware

  20. Physical Hardware The hypervisor restricts itself to managing a minimum set of hardware Processors Local APICs Constant-ratesystem counter System physicaladdress space Focus is on scheduling and isolation Parent Partition Child Partition Child Partition Apps Apps Apps ServerCore OS 2 OS 1 Windows hypervisor Hardware

  21. Physical Hardware In Windows Server virtualization, the parent partition manages the rest IHV drivers Processor power management Device hot add and removal New drivers are not required Parent Partition Child Partition Child Partition Apps Apps Apps ServerCore OS 2 OS 1 Windows hypervisor Hardware

  22. Hypercalls – Low Level API Guests communicate with the hypervisor via hypercalls Hypervisor equivalent of a syscall Detected via CPUID Configured via MSR Simple format One input page, one output page Specify pages by physical address,then jump to known address

  23. Hypercalls – High Level API Higher level abstractions are available in Windowspartitions WinHv.sys providesa C language wrapper VMBus.sys providescross-partition communication services Virtualization stack provides WMI interfaces for configuring children VmBus.sys VmBus.sys WinHv.sys WinHv.sys WinHv.sys WinHv.sys Windows 2000 and later Windows Server Core WMI Provider VirtualizationStack Windows hypervisor Hardware

  24. Device Virtualization Definitions Virtual Device (VDev) A software module that provides a point of configuration and control over an I/O path for a partition Virtualization Service Provider (VSP) A server component (in a parent or other partition) that handlesI/O requests Can pass I/O requests on to native services like a file system Can pass I/O requests directly to physical devices Can be in either kernel- or user-mode Virtualization Service Consumer (VSC) A client component (in a child partition) which serves as the bottom of an I/O stack within that partition Sends requests to a VSP VMBus A system for sending requests and data between virtual machines

  25. Virtual Devices (VDevs) Come in two varieties Core: Device emulators Plug-in: Enlightened I/O Management is through WMI Packaged as COM objects Run within the VM Worker Process Often work in conjunction with a VSP

  26. Virtualization Service Providers (VSPs) Communicate with a VDev for configuration and state management Can exist in user- or kernel-mode COM object Service Driver Uses VMBus to communicate with a VSC in the child partition

  27. Applications Example VSP/VSC Design Parent Partition Child Partitions Provided by: Windows Windows Virtualization ISV User Mode OEM StorPort iSCSIprt Volume Partition Disk Windows File System Disk StorPort Miniport Windows hypervisor Kernel Mode “Designed for Windows” Server Hardware with PVE Hardware Virtual Storage Miniport (VSC) Virtual Storage Provider (VSP) VMBus Fast Path Filter (VSC) VM Worker Process

  28. Windows Enlightenments Enlightenments Modifications to an OS to make it aware that it’s running within a VM Windows codenamed “Longhorn” enlightenments Optimizations in memory manager (MM) Win32 and kernel API: Am I running on a virtual machine? Looking at additional enlightenments in the future

  29. Summary Windows Server codename Longhorn will have integrated virtualization support Hypercall interfaces can be used to support foreign operating systems Remote management thru robust WMI I/F’s Currently targeting Q4/2006 for private beta, Q1/2007 for public beta, & RTM within 180 days of Longhorn Server Systems with processor virtualization extensions widely available from OEM’s today will be required.

  30. Additional Resources MSDN for Virtual Server 2005 COM API http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/msvs/msvs/portal.asp Windows Server Virtualization http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualization/default.mspx Windows Hardware & Driver Central (WHDC) www.microsoft.com/whdc/default.mspx Technical Communities www.microsoft.com/communities/products/default.mspx Non-Microsoft Community Sites www.microsoft.com/communities/related/default.mspx Microsoft Public Newsgroups www.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups Technical Chats and Webcasts www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspx www.microsoft.com/webcasts Microsoft Blogs www.microsoft.com/communities/blogs

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