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Review of du, de la, des. Bon appétit. 3 important grammar rules. You need to know what to do with de in the following 3 situations: With the partitive (some) – it becomes du /de la/des After an expression of quantity – it remains de After a negative expression – it remains de.
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Review of du, de la, des Bon appétit
3 important grammar rules You need to know what to do with dein the following 3 situations: • With the partitive (some) – it becomes du/de la/des • After an expression of quantity – it remains de • After a negative expression – it remains de
De in the partitive – ‘some’ • Du, de la, de l’, des can mean ‘some’. • The right form will depend on the gender of the noun you are describing: • Du fromage • De la confiture • De l’eau • Des fruits
De after expressions of quantity • After an expression of quantity de is always used irrespective of the gender of the noun. • Some common expressions of quantity include: • uneboîtedeconfiture • une tranche defromage • un kilo de pommes • un verred’eau
Attention! These are also common expressions of quantity that are followed by de: • Assez (enough) • Beaucoup (a lot) • Peu (a little) • Trop (too much)
De after negative expressions • After a negative statement, de means any and is always used instead of du/de la/des irrespective of the gender of the noun. • Common negative expressions include: • Je n’aipasde pain (I don’t have any bread) • Je n’aiplusde pain (I don’t have any more bread)
Exercises Look carefully at these sentences and explain whydu/de la/des or de is used. Which rule is it? • Je cherchedes timbres. • Beaucoup de timbres pour deslettres. • Je ne vends pas de timbres ici. • Mais je vends des envelopes. • Non merci, alorsde la glace à la fraise s’ilvousplaît. • Avec du coca et de l’eauminérales’ilvousplaît. • Maisc’estunelibrarieici! Il n’y a pas deglacesici!
Explanations • Des – general affirmative expression (I’m looking for some stamps) • De – expression of quantity (beaucoup + de), then des because stamps for some letters is an general (affirmative) statement • De – negative expression (I don’t sell stamps here) • Des – general affirmative ( But I do sell envelopes here) • De la – general affirmative (Some strawberry ice-cream then) • Du (le coca) and then de l’ (l’eau is feminine) – general affirmative (Some cola and some water..) • De – negative expression (There are no ice-creams here!)
Exercise 2 – complete the following Cematin je vais au marché. Je vaisprendre (1) _______ fruits et beaucoup (2) _______ légumes. Je n’ai plus (3) ______ pommes à la maisonmaisj’ai encore (4) _______ peches et un peu(5) _______ pommes de terres. Il me fautsurtout (6) _______ poirespour faire un gâteaucesoir. Je vaisprendre un demi-kilo (7) ________ poires. Après ça, je vaisaller au café pour un grand verre (8) ______ coca.
Exercise 2 - solutions • des (some – affirmative expression) I’m going to buy some) • de (after beaucoup – expression of quantity) • de (after negative expression) I’ don’t have any more • des (some – affirmative expression) I still have some peaches… • de (after peu – expression of quantity) • des (some – affirmative expresssion) I need some pears… • de (after un demi-kilo – expression of quantity) • de (after un verre de – expression of quantity)
