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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. By: Nick Yanik. What we will be learning. To determine the difference between Acids and Bases Discuss the importance of studying acids and bases. What is the pH scale?. The pH scale measures how Acidic or how Basic a solution is. The pH scale.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases By: Nick Yanik

  2. What we will be learning • To determine the difference between Acids and Bases • Discuss the importance of studying acids and bases

  3. What is the pH scale? • The pH scale measures how Acidic or how Basic a solution is.

  4. The pH scale • The pH scale is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given substance • pH=-log[H+] • Sadly we will not be doing log calculations for regents chemistry.

  5. Identifying Acids • Acids have a pH from 0-7 • A lower pH value indicates a stronger acid • Neutralizes bases • Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form Hydrogen gas • Good conductors of electricity • Weak acids do not ionize completely: Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, Sulfurous • Strong acids ionize completely: Hydrochloric, Nitric, Sulfuric, Hydroiodic,

  6. Common Acids • HCL-Hydrochloric-stomach acid • H2SO4-Sulfuric acid-car batteries • HNO3-nitric acid-explosives • HC2H3O2-acetic acid-vinegar • H2CO3-carbonic acid-sodas • H3PO4-phosphoric acid-flavorings

  7. Identifying Bases • Bases have a pH from 7-14 • A higher pH value indicates a stronger base. • Neutralizes acids • Dissolves fats and oils • Weak Bases-ammonia, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate • Strong bases- sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide

  8. Common Bases • NaOH-sodium hydroxide (LYE)-soaps, drain cleaner • Mg(OH)2-magnesium hydroxide-antacids • Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants • NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide-”ammonia”

  9. Arrhenius definition of Acids and Bases • An Arrhenius acid is a substance that breaks into [H+] ions in an aqueous solution • An Arrhenius base (alkaline) is a substance that breaks into [OH-] ions in an aqueous solution • Note: aqueous solution is any solution where H2O is the solvent (the substance in a higher quantity that dissolves the other substance)

  10. Neutral Substances • What happens when the pH of a substance is 7? • A pH level of 7 indicates a neutral substance i.e: Water!

  11. Test your knowledge • What is the range of an acid on the pH scale? • 0-7 • What is the range of a base and what is another name for a base? • 7-14, Alkaline

  12. Characteristics of acids • Acids can be characterized as: • A sour taste • It turns blue litmus paper red • It tastes sour. Try drinking lemon juice (citric acid)

  13. Characteristics of Bases • A base is characterized by: • A bitter taste (milk of magnesia) • It feels slippery. (Soapy water) • It turns Red litmus paper Blue

  14. Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base theory • A Bronsted-Lowry acid is also considered a “Proton donor” or [H+] donor • A Brontsted-Lowry base is also considered a “Proton acceptor” or [H+] acceptor

  15. Conjugate acid-compound formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion • Conjugate base-compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion

  16. Buffers • A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added • pH is controlled in situations like: Heartburn, planting vegetables and flowers, fish tanks and ponds, blood, and swimming pools

  17. Acid Rain • Pollution in the air (Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide) combines with water to form various acids

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